中缝背核

中缝背核
中缝背核
	背缝核的结构示意图：DRif 束间亚核，DRv 腹侧亚核，DRvl 腹外侧亚核，DRd 背侧亚核，mlf 内侧纵束，Aq 中脑导水管，IVn 滑车神经核。
标识字符
MeSH	D065847
NeuroNames（英语：NeuroNames）	512
NeuroLex（英语：NeuroLex） ID	birnlex_982
TA98	A14.1.05.604
TA2	5957
FMA	FMA:68462
	《神經解剖學術語》 [在维基数据上编辑]

中缝背核（英語：Dorsal raphe nucleus，也称背缝核）是缝线核之一，位于脑干的中线处。它分为吻侧部和尾侧部两个亚区：

吻侧部可进一步细分为束间亚核、腹侧亚核、腹外侧亚核和背侧亚核
有研究发现中缝背核的神经投射在不同区域上存在差异，所以不同亚区的投射也存在分布差异^[1]

解剖

中缝背核发出血清素能纤维至海马体、边缘叶和杏仁核，并参与调节记忆加工的过程^[2]。

生理学

作为最大的血清素能核团，其为前脑提供了大部分的血清素能神经支配。其内部除了富含血清素能神经元（体积通常较大）以外，吻侧部还存在大量P物质合成神经元（许多神经元同时表达血清素与P物质两个物质），以及一组相对较大的儿茶酚胺合成神经元^[3]。

中缝背核含有大量的突触前 5-HT1A 自体受体，一般认为选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂（SSRIs）抗抑郁作用延迟出现的原因是因为其在此区域的作用导致^[4]。

研究进展

吗啡戒断反应

2000年的一项研究表明，电刺激中缝背核可缓解部分由纳洛酮诱导的吗啡戒断症状，这可能与中缝背核的内源性阿片受体，和其对神经通路的上下行调节功能有关。但需要考虑电流扩散至中缝大核，并诱导大鼠产生镇痛作用的可能性^[5]。

发作性睡病

Wu M.F. 等学者针对背侧核在发作性睡病中的影响进行了研究：缝线核已知参与睡眠周期的调控，而发作性睡病中的猝倒症状表现为意识完全清晰但全身肌张力丧失（仅眼部肌肉除外），这被认为是快速眼动睡眠期中的肌张力丧失这个正常生理过程的异常分离^[6]。

中缝背核与蓝斑核、结节乳头核共同投射至外侧下丘脑，它们释放的神经递质分别为血清素、去甲肾上腺素和组胺。这些神经递质在清醒期时完全活跃，在非快速眼动睡眠期部分活跃，在快速眼动睡眠期则几乎完全静止。在脑桥损伤的猫中并未出现正常的肌张力丧失现象，此时中缝背核却保持完全活跃（在正常的快速眼动睡眠中应静止）。使用名为麦酚生的肌肉松弛剂或微量注射卡巴胆碱均可抑制该核团活动^[6]。

抑郁症与自杀

中缝背核（尤其是吻侧部）长期被认为与抑郁症相关。一些研究提示，抑郁症患者中缝背核体积可能缩小，但异常的是，自杀死亡者中缝背核神经元密度反而会增加，这一现象值得深入探讨^[7]^[8]^[9]。

对动物的研究

研究表明，大鼠中缝背核中有10%的轴突投射至杏仁核^[10]；而中等大小的神经元似乎投射至尾状核、壳核以及嗅球^[11]^[12]。

参见

参考资料

^ O'Hearn, Elizabeth; Molliver, Mark E. Organization of raphe-cortical projections in rat: A quantitative retrograde study. Brain Research Bulletin. 1984-12-01, 13 (6) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0361-9230. doi:10.1016/0361-9230(84)90232-6.
^ Patestas, Maria A.; Gartner, Leslie P. (2016). A Textbook of Neuroanatomy (2nd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 432. ISBN 978-1-118-67746-9.
^ Baker, K. G.; Halliday, G. M.; Hornung, J.-P.; Geffen, L. B.; Cotton, R. G. H.; To¨rk, I. Distribution, morphology and number of monoamine-synthesizing and substance P-containing neurons in the human dorsal raphe nucleus. Neuroscience. 1991-01-01, 42 (3) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0306-4522. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90043-N （英语）.
^ Briley, Mike; Moret, Chantal. Neurobiological Mechanisms Involved in Antidepressant Therapies:. Clinical Neuropharmacology. 1993-10, 16 (5) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0362-5664. doi:10.1097/00002826-199310000-00002 （英语）.
^ Pourshanazari, A.A.; Alaei; Rafati (2000). "Effects of Electrical Stimulation of Nucleus Raphe Dorsalis on initiation of morphine self-administration in rats". Medical Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences. 13 (2): 63–7.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Wu, M.-F.; John, J.; Boehmer, L. N.; Yau, D.; Nguyen, G. B.; Siegel, J. M. Activity of dorsal raphe cells across the sleep–waking cycle and during cataplexy in narcoleptic dogs. The Journal of Physiology. 2004, 554 (1) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 1469-7793. PMC 1664742 . PMID 14678502. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.052134 （英语）.
^ Underwood, Mark D; Khaibulina, Alfia A; Ellis, Steven P; Moran, Andrew; Rice, Patricia M; Mann, J.John; Arango, Victoria. Morphometry of the dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic neurons in suicide victims. Biological Psychiatry. 1999-08, 46 (4) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0006-3223. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00043-8.
^ Arango, Victoria; Underwood, Mark D.; Boldrini, Maura; Tamir, Hadassah; Kassir, Suham A.; Hsiung, Shu-chi; Chen, Jason J.-X.; Mann, J. John. Serotonin 1A Receptors, Serotonin Transporter Binding and Serotonin Transporter mRNA Expression in the Brainstem of Depressed Suicide Victims. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001-12, 25 (6) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 1740-634X. doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00310-4 （英语）.
^ Matthews, Paul R.; Harrison, Paul J. A morphometric, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization study of the dorsal raphe nucleus in major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and suicide. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012-03-01, 137 (1) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0165-0327. PMC 3314923 . PMID 22129767. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.043.
^ Ma, Q. P.; Yin, G. F.; Ai, M. K.; Han, J. S. Serotonergic projections from the nucleus raphe dorsalis to the amygdala in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 1991-12-16, 134 (1) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0304-3940. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(91)90499-J.
^ Steinbusch, H. W.; Nieuwenhuys, R.; Verhofstad, A. A.; Van der Kooy, D. The nucleus raphe dorsalis of the rat and its projection upon the caudatoputamen. A combined cytoarchitectonic, immunohistochemical and retrograde transport study. Journal De Physiologie. 1981, 77 (2-3) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0021-7948. PMID 6169825.
^ Petzold, Gabor C.; Hagiwara, Akari; Murthy, Venkatesh N. Serotonergic modulation of odor input to the mammalian olfactory bulb. Nature Neuroscience. 2009-06, 12 (6) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 1546-1726. doi:10.1038/nn.2335 （英语）.

[1] O'Hearn, Elizabeth; Molliver, Mark E. Organization of raphe-cortical projections in rat: A quantitative retrograde study. Brain Research Bulletin. 1984-12-01, 13 (6) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0361-9230. doi:10.1016/0361-9230(84)90232-6.

[2] Patestas, Maria A.; Gartner, Leslie P. (2016). A Textbook of Neuroanatomy (2nd ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 432. ISBN 978-1-118-67746-9.

[3] Baker, K. G.; Halliday, G. M.; Hornung, J.-P.; Geffen, L. B.; Cotton, R. G. H.; To¨rk, I. Distribution, morphology and number of monoamine-synthesizing and substance P-containing neurons in the human dorsal raphe nucleus. Neuroscience. 1991-01-01, 42 (3) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0306-4522. doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90043-N （英语）.

[4] Briley, Mike; Moret, Chantal. Neurobiological Mechanisms Involved in Antidepressant Therapies:. Clinical Neuropharmacology. 1993-10, 16 (5) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0362-5664. doi:10.1097/00002826-199310000-00002 （英语）.

[5] Pourshanazari, A.A.; Alaei; Rafati (2000). "Effects of Electrical Stimulation of Nucleus Raphe Dorsalis on initiation of morphine self-administration in rats". Medical Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences. 13 (2): 63–7.

[:0-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Wu, M.-F.; John, J.; Boehmer, L. N.; Yau, D.; Nguyen, G. B.; Siegel, J. M. Activity of dorsal raphe cells across the sleep–waking cycle and during cataplexy in narcoleptic dogs. The Journal of Physiology. 2004, 554 (1) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 1469-7793. PMC 1664742 . PMID 14678502. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.052134 （英语）.

[7] Underwood, Mark D; Khaibulina, Alfia A; Ellis, Steven P; Moran, Andrew; Rice, Patricia M; Mann, J.John; Arango, Victoria. Morphometry of the dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic neurons in suicide victims. Biological Psychiatry. 1999-08, 46 (4) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0006-3223. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00043-8.

[8] Arango, Victoria; Underwood, Mark D.; Boldrini, Maura; Tamir, Hadassah; Kassir, Suham A.; Hsiung, Shu-chi; Chen, Jason J.-X.; Mann, J. John. Serotonin 1A Receptors, Serotonin Transporter Binding and Serotonin Transporter mRNA Expression in the Brainstem of Depressed Suicide Victims. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001-12, 25 (6) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 1740-634X. doi:10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00310-4 （英语）.

[9] Matthews, Paul R.; Harrison, Paul J. A morphometric, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization study of the dorsal raphe nucleus in major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and suicide. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2012-03-01, 137 (1) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0165-0327. PMC 3314923 . PMID 22129767. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.10.043.

[10] Ma, Q. P.; Yin, G. F.; Ai, M. K.; Han, J. S. Serotonergic projections from the nucleus raphe dorsalis to the amygdala in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 1991-12-16, 134 (1) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0304-3940. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(91)90499-J.

[11] Steinbusch, H. W.; Nieuwenhuys, R.; Verhofstad, A. A.; Van der Kooy, D. The nucleus raphe dorsalis of the rat and its projection upon the caudatoputamen. A combined cytoarchitectonic, immunohistochemical and retrograde transport study. Journal De Physiologie. 1981, 77 (2-3) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 0021-7948. PMID 6169825.

[12] Petzold, Gabor C.; Hagiwara, Akari; Murthy, Venkatesh N. Serotonergic modulation of odor input to the mammalian olfactory bulb. Nature Neuroscience. 2009-06, 12 (6) [2025-12-09]. ISSN 1546-1726. doi:10.1038/nn.2335 （英语）.

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