边缘学说

边缘学说是指與公认的主流学术观点迥然不同的學術理論。自然科学以及人文科学領域均存在邊緣學說^[1]。边缘学说既不是多数人的意见，也不是受重视的少数人的意见。

虚假平衡

一旦边缘理论被人廣泛接受，就很有可能会出现虚假平衡等问题。新闻媒体可能在边缘学说的传播和普及中发挥作用。媒体有时会将复杂的话题简化为两面，并以失败者挑战者与主流理论作斗争来构建问题。这种简化既具有歪曲性，又具有误导性，尤其是当牵强附会的边缘理论以中立和公平的名义被提升为同样合法的竞争者的角色时。^[2]

教育中也出现了错误平衡的问题，特别是在创造-进化论争论的背景下。神创论的倡导者希望学校提出他们喜欢的替代方案，将创造论与科学理论以同等的课时教授，以便于将关于这个问题的学术界描述为在两种模式之间平分秋色。^[3]^[4]

参考文献

^ Davidson 2002，第125–126頁.
^ Collins, Matthew A. Examining the Reception and Impact of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Some Possibilities for Future Investigation. Dead Sea Discoveries. 2011, 18 (2) [2025-09-18]. ISSN 0929-0761. doi:10.1163/156851711X582541.
^ Robert T. Pennock Why Creationism Should Not Be Taught in the Public Schools, Routledge: 610–624, 2009-01-14 [2025-09-18], ISBN 978-1-315-88089-1
^ Wexler, Jay D. Of Pandas, People, and the First Amendment: The Constitutionality of Teaching Intelligent Design in the Public Schools. Stanford Law Review. 1997-01, 49 (2) [2025-09-18]. ISSN 0038-9765. doi:10.2307/1229302.

[FOOTNOTEDavidson2002125–126-1] Davidson 2002，第125–126頁.

[2] Collins, Matthew A. Examining the Reception and Impact of the Dead Sea Scrolls: Some Possibilities for Future Investigation. Dead Sea Discoveries. 2011, 18 (2) [2025-09-18]. ISSN 0929-0761. doi:10.1163/156851711X582541.

[3] Robert T. Pennock Why Creationism Should Not Be Taught in the Public Schools, Routledge: 610–624, 2009-01-14 [2025-09-18], ISBN 978-1-315-88089-1

[4] Wexler, Jay D. Of Pandas, People, and the First Amendment: The Constitutionality of Teaching Intelligent Design in the Public Schools. Stanford Law Review. 1997-01, 49 (2) [2025-09-18]. ISSN 0038-9765. doi:10.2307/1229302.

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