黄精属
（重定向自Polygonatum）
黄精属
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| 北美玉竹 | |
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科学分类 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 维管植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 单子叶植物 Monocots |
| 目： | 天門冬目 Asparagales |
| 科： | 天门冬科 Asparagaceae |
| 亚科： | 玲花蕉亞科 Nolinoideae |
| 属： | 黄精属 Polygonatum Mill., 1754 |
| 种 | |
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见正文 | |
| 異名 | |
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黄精属（学名：Polygonatum）是天门冬科下的一个属，为多年生草本植物。该属有79种[1]，较广为人知的成员包括黃精、玉竹等，广泛分布于全球北温带[2]，其中39种在中国有记录[3]。黄精属原被划为百合科，后并入天门冬科[4]。属名Polygonatum源于希腊语polys（多的）和gonu（膝）的合成词，指根具多节。
黄精属植物富含多糖、黄酮、甾体、香豆素等多类化学成分[5]，因其在食用及传统医学中的药用、保健价值而长期受到重视，主要利用部位为根茎[6]。
下属物种
[编辑]本属包括以下物种：[7]
- 五叶黄精 Polygonatum acuminatifolium Kom.
- 贴梗黄精 Polygonatum adnatum S.YunLiang
- Polygonatum alcatum A.Gray
- 台湾黄精 Polygonatum alte-lobatum Hayata，短筒黄精
- 互卷黄精 Polygonatum alternicirrhosum Hand.-Mazz.
- Polygonatum amabile Yatabe
- Polygonatum ambiguum Rouy, 1910
- Polygonatum angelicum Floden
- Polygonatum annamense Floden
- 阿里黄精 Polygonatum arisanense Hayata
- Polygonatum autumnale Floden
- Polygonatum azegamii (Ohwi) M.N.Tamura
- 大皿黄精 Polygonatum daminense H.J.Yang & D.F.Cui[8]
- Polygonatum beyrodtianum Engl. & Graebn.
- Polygonatum biflorum (Walter) Elliott
- Polygonatum brevistylum Baker
- Polygonatum buschianum Tzvelev
- Polygonatum campanulatum G.W.Hu
- 棒丝黄精 Polygonatum cathcartii Baker
- 清水山黄精 Polygonatum chingshuishanianum S.S.Ying
- 卷叶黄精 Polygonatum cirrhifolium (Wall.) Royle
- Polygonatum costatum Floden
- Polygonatum cryptanthum H.Lév. & Vaniot
- 垂叶黄精 Polygonatum curvistylum Hua
- 多花黄精 Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua
- 长苞黄精 Polygonatum desoulayi Kom.
- Polygonatum dolichocarpum M.N.Tamura, Fuse & Y.P.Yang
- Polygonatum domonense Satake
- Polygonatum falcatum A.Gray
- 长梗黄精 Polygonatum filipes Merr. ex C.Jeffrey & McEwan
- 距药黄精 Polygonatum franchetii Hua
- Polygonatum geminiflorum Decne.
- Polygonatum glaberrimum K.Koch
- Polygonatum gongshanense L.H.Zhao & X.J.He
- 细根茎黄精 Polygonatum gracile P. Y. Li
- Polygonatum graminifolium Hook.
- Polygonatum grandicaule Y.S.Kim, B.U.Oh & C.G.Jang
- 三脉黄精 Polygonatum griffithii Baker
- 粗毛黄精 Polygonatum hirtellum Hand.-Mazz.
- 独花黄精 Polygonatum hookeri Baker
- 小玉竹 Polygonatum humile Fisch. ex Maxim.
- 湘黄精 Polygonatum hunanense H.H.Liu & B.Z.Wang[9]
- Polygonatum hybridum Brügger
- 毛筒玉竹 Polygonatum inflatum Kom.
- Polygonatum infundiflorum Y.S.Kim, B.U.Oh & C.G.Jang
- Polygonatum inglesii Royle
- 二苞黄精 Polygonatum involucratum (Franch. & Sav.) Maxim.
- 金寨黄精 Polygonatum jinzhaiense D.C.Zhang & J.Z.Shao
- Polygonatum kasuense Maxim. ex Batalin
- Polygonatum kawakamii Kudô
- 滇黄精 Polygonatum kingianum Collett & Hemsl.
- Polygonatum krylovii (Ameljcz. & Malachova) A.L.Ebel
- Polygonatum lasianthum Maxim.
- Polygonatum latifolium (Jacq.) Desf.
- Polygonatum latifolium Bubani
- 雷波黄精 Polygonatum leiboense S.C.Chen & D.Q.Liu
- 长柄黄精 Polygonatum longipedunculatum S.YunLiang
- 百色黄精 Polygonatum longistylum Y.Wan ex C.Z.Gao
- Polygonatum luteoverrucosum Floden
- Polygonatum macranthum (Maxim.) Koidz.
- 热河黄精 Polygonatum macropodum Turcz.
- 大苞黄精 Polygonatum megaphyllum P.Y.Li
- Polygonatum mengtzense F.T.Wang & Tang
- Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All.
- Polygonatum multiflorum Kunth, 1850
- Polygonatum nervulosum Baker
- 节根黄精 Polygonatum nodosum Hua
- 玉竹 Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce
- 峨眉黄精 Polygonatum omeiense Z.Y.Zhu
- 对叶黄精 Polygonatum oppositifolium (Wall.) Royle
- Polygonatum orientale Desf.
- Polygonatum ovatum Miscz. ex Grossh.
- 康定玉竹 Polygonatum prattii Baker
- Polygonatum pseudopolyanthemum Miscz. ex Grossh.
- Polygonatum pubescens (Willd.) Pursh
- 点花黄精 Polygonatum punctatum Royle ex Kunth
- 青海黄精 Polygonatum qinghaiense Z.L.Wu & Y.C.Yang[10]
- Polygonatum robustum (Korsh.) Nakai
- 新疆黄精 Polygonatum roseum (Ledeb.) Kunth
- Polygonatum sewerzowii Regel
- 黄精 Polygonatum sibiricum Redouté
- Polygonatum singalilense H.Hara
- Polygonatum sparsifolium F.T.Wang & Tang
- 狭叶黄精 Polygonatum stenophyllum Maxim.
- 西南黄精 Polygonatum stewartianum Diels
- Polygonatum tamaense H.Hara
- 格脉黄精 Polygonatum tessellatum F.T.Wang & Tang
- Polygonatum tsinlingense Tsui
- Polygonatum undulatifolium Floden
- Polygonatum urceolatum (J.M.H.Shaw) Floden
- Polygonatum velenovskyi Rohlena
- 轮叶黄精 Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All.
- 西藏黄精 Polygonatum wardii F.T.Wang & Tang
- Polygonatum yezoense Tatew.
- 云南黄精 Polygonatum yunnanense H.Lév.
- 湖北黄精 Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp.
- 浙江黄精 Polygonatum zhejiangensis X.J.Xue & H.Yao
- 杂交种：
- Polygonatum multiflorum × odoratum
- Polygonatum multiflorum × odoratum
- Polygonatum multiflorum × verticillatum
- 归属于本属的物种：
参考文献
[编辑]- ^ Polygonatum Mill.. Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. [2025-12-02] （英语）.
- ^ 中国种子植物科属词典. 中国数字植物标本馆. [2012-04-18]. （原始内容存档于2012-04-11）.
- ^ Luo, Lu; Qiu, Yixing; Gong, Limin; Wang, Wei; Wen, Ruiding. A Review of Polygonatum Mill. Genus: Its Taxonomy, Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Effect Due to Processing Changes. Molecules. 2022-07-28, 27 (15): 4821 [2025-12-02]. doi:10.3390/molecules27154821.
- ^ Chase, Mark W.; Reveal, James L.; Fay, Michael F. A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae: ASPARAGALES SUBFAMILIAL CLASSIFICATION. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2009-10, 161 (2): 132-136 [2025-11-28]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x （英语）.
- ^ Liu, Qingbo; Li, Wei; Nagata, Kazuya; Fu, Hongwei; Okada, Shunpei; Tanabe, Ikumi; Kobori, Yumi; Higai, Koji; Norie, Wada; Sasaki, Tatsunori; Asada, Yoshihisa; Zhao, Huanxin; Bai, Hong; Koike, Kazuo. Isolation, Structural Elucidation, and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Steroidal Glycosides from Polygonatum odoratum. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2018-01-17, 66 (2): 521–531. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04488.
- ^ Zhu, You-Ping. Chinese Materia Medica: Chemistry, Pharmacology and Applications 1st. Milton: Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 9789057022852.
- ^ Polygonatum Mill.. GBIF. [2023-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2022-11-23）.
- ^ 浙江省金华磐安县山区发现黄精属新种：大皿黄精. NSII. [2023-02-15]. （原始内容存档于2023-02-15）.
- ^ 刘辉华, 马玉申, 王本忠,等. 湖南黄精属新种湘黄精的形态和分子特征分析[J]. 作物研究, 2021, 35(1):7.
- ^ 青海黄精属一新种[J]. 西北植物学报,2005,25(10):2088-2089. DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2005.10.027.