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上座 (佛教)

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上座梵語Sthavira巴利語Thera),又譯為悉他薜攞住位苾蒭,佛教術語,又稱長老,為出家僧團中,對較為資深的成員的敬稱。

定義

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佛教僧團中,不問年齡、種姓、與地位,以先出家受具足戒者為上座(Sthavira),後出家者應對他們表示尊敬[1]。在後世,受具足戒十年以上的僧侶,才能稱為上座。

在僧團中,也使用一些敬稱,如大德(bhadanta),尊者(ārya)等來稱呼上座。

漢傳佛教

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在漢傳佛教中,上座是一個榮譽職位,列為寺院的三綱之一。

上座部佛教

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上座部佛教的名稱"Theravāda"的字面意思是「上座之學派」[2]上座部與上座部佛教不應被混為一談[3]

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 摩訶僧祇律》中說:「先出家(受具)者,應受禮、起迎、合掌、低頭、恭敬。先出家者,應作上座:應先受請、先坐、先取水、先受食」
  2. ^ Theravada. Scholarly Community Encyclopedia. [2025-11-03]. (原始内容存档于2025-07-16) –通过HandWiki (英语). 
  3. ^ Buddhahood. E-Learning Programs. [2025-11-03]. Koya Matsuo TA: … Here's an explanation of one Theravadin scholar who agrees with making that distinction: "The term sthavira (meaning ‘elder’) is the Sanskrit version of the term better known today in its Pali version thera, as in Theravāda, the ‘Teaching of the Elders’. The original Sthaviras, however, are by no means identical with the modern school called Theravāda. Rather, the Sthaviras are the ancestor of a group of related schools, one of which is the Theravāda."(p. 4 Why Devadatta Was No Saint, Bhikkhu Sujato)