伪切叶蚁属
（重定向自伪切叶蚁苍白种团）
伪切叶蚁属 化石时期：始新世至今：
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| 细伪切叶蚁（Pseudomyrmex gracilis）的工蚁叼着一只毛虫。 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 膜翅目 Hymenoptera |
| 科： | 蟻科 Formicidae |
| 亚科： | 伪切叶蚁亚科 Pseudomyrmecinae |
| 族： | 伪切叶蚁族 Pseudomyrmecini |
| 属： | 伪切叶蚁属 Pseudomyrmex Lund, 1831 |
| 模式種 | |
| 细伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex gracilis[1] Fabricius, 1804
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| 多样性[2] | |
| 155种；13化石种；12种团 | |
| 異名[3] | |
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伪切叶蚁属（学名：Pseudomyrmex）台译拟家蚁属，俗名相思树蚁或金合欢蚁，是伪切叶蚁亚科之下的模式属，该属全员具有蛰针，且形似蜂类。具有很大的复眼，视力极佳。身体细长，可以在中空的植物或树木隧道中穿梭。主要分布在新大陆的热带和亚热带地区。
栖息地
[编辑]伪切叶蚁主要分布在新热带区，但也有少数种类分布在新北界。[4] 大多数伪切叶蚁物种都是植物寄居者，例如苍白伪切叶蚁（P. pallidus）会在枯萎植物的空心茎、草本植物的嫩枝以及枯死树木的中空隧道中筑巢。[4] 该属也有寄居树木、與树木共生的物種，較大众爲熟知的树木寄居对像为相思树。[5] 其他种类则进化出了与其他树木的专性互利共生关系；例如三分伪切叶蚁（P. triplarinus）就专性依赖于蓼树属中的几种树木物种。[6][7] 極少數（如牛眼伪切叶蚁 P. boopis[8]）可以在土中築巢。
分类及關係性
[编辑]伪切叶蚁属與矾木蚁属为姐妹羣， 而矾木蚁属同時與伪切叶蚁属及细长蚁属近缘[9]，其在系统发生树的位置处于细长蚁属和伪切叶蚁属之间。[见：伪切叶蚁亚枓系统发生树][10]
物种
[编辑]该属包括以下物種：
伪切叶蚁杜氏种团 duckei species-group
[编辑]2个物種包括：
伪切叶蚁隐居种团 elongatulus species-group
[编辑]13个物種包括：
- 阿帕奇伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex apache Creighton, 1953
- 隐匿伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex arcanus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 毛发伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex capillatus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 钱氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex championi (Forel, 1899)
- 近缘伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex cognatus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 侍从伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex comitator Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 隐居伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex elongatulus (Dalla Torre, 1892)
- 冕伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ereptor Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 诫伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex exoratus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 横带伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex fasciatus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 云斑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex nimbus Ward & Branstetter, 2022
- 塞氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex salvini (Forel, 1899)
- 韦拉克鲁斯伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex veracruzensis Ward & Branstetter, 2022
伪切叶蚁锈色种团 ferruginea species-group
[编辑]高度與金合欢属（Acacia）共生的种团，被俗稱为“相思树蚁”或“金合欢蚁”，12个物种包括：
- 从者伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex evitus Ward, 2017
- 野性伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex feralis Ward, 2017
- 銹色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ferruginea (Smith, 1877)
- 黄角伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex flavicornis (Smith, 1877)
- 简氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex janzeni Ward, 1993
- 混杂伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex mixtecus Ward, 1993
- 黑带伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex nigrocinctus (Emery, 1890)
- 异首伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex particeps Ward, 1993
- 佩氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex peperi (Forel, 1913)
- 撒旦伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex satanicus (Wheeler, 1942)
- 棘伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex spinicola (Emery, 1890)
- 施毒伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex veneficus (Wheeler, 1942)
伪切叶蚁高氏种团 goeldii species-group
[编辑]5个物种包括：
- 高氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex goeldii (Forel, 1912)
- 光额伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex laevifrons Ward, 1989
- 闪光伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex micans Ward, 2017
- 钝伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex obtusus Ward, 2017
- 微伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex parvulus Ward, 2017
伪切叶蚁纤细种团 gracilis species-group
[编辑]著名伪切叶蚁入侵物種——细伪切叶蚁所在的种团。23个物种包括：
- 迭色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex alternans (Santschi, 1936)
- 阿氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex alvarengai Kempf, 1961
- 黑足伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex atripes (Smith, 1860)
- 布氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex browni Kempf, 1967
- 枝伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex cladoicus (Smith, 1858)
- 截伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex excisus (Mayr, 1870)
- 匠工伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex faber (Smith, 1858)
- 戈氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex godmani (Forel, 1899)
- 细伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex gracilis (Fabricius, 1804)
- Pseudomyrmex hospitalis Ward, 1999
- 光滑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex laevigatus (Smith, 1877)
- 斑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex maculatus (Smith, 1855)
- 大伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex major (Forel, 1899)
- 黑色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex niger (Donisthorpe, 1940)
- 黑毛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex nigropilosus (Emery, 1890)
- 暗头伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex opaciceps Ward, 1993
- 憎恶伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex osurus (Forel, 1911)
- 萝莉伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pupa (Forel, 1911)
- Pseudomyrmex reconditus Ward, 1993
- 拟态伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex simulans Kempf, 1958
- 鳞毛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex squamifer (Emery, 1890)
- 单色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex unicolor (Smith, 1855)
- 秀丽伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex venustus (Smith, 1858)
伪切叶蚁大眼种团 oculatus species-group
[编辑]11个物種包括：
- 光点伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex alustratus Ward, 1989
- 暗黑伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex caeciliae (Forel, 1913)
- 宽伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex cretus Ward, 1989
- 古巴伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex cubaensis (Forel, 1901)
- 库拉卡伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex curacaensis (Forel, 1912)
- 埃氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex eduardi (Forel, 1912)
- 藏匿伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex elongatus (Mayr, 1870)
- 大眼伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex oculatus (Smith, 1855)
- 小伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pisinnus Ward, 1989
- 舒氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex schuppi (Forel, 1901)
- 城居伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex urbanus (Smith, 1877)
伪切叶蚁淡色种团 pallens species-group
[编辑]8个物種包括：
- 烟色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex adustus (Borgmeier, 1929)
- 突结伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex gibbinotus (Forel, 1908)
- 掠夺伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex incurrens (Forel, 1912)
- 长伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex longus (Forel, 1912)
- 敏锐伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex lynceus (Spinola, 1851)
- 纯色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex monochrous (Dalla Torre, 1892)
- 淡色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pallens (Mayr, 1870)
- 喜叶伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex phyllophilus (Smith, 1858)
伪切叶蚁苍白种团 pallidus species-group
[编辑]易危物种——纤伪切叶蚁（又稱弱伪切叶蚁）所在的种团，24个物种包括：
- 刺居伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex acanthobius (Emery, 1896)
- 褐色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex brunneus (Smith, 1877)
- 科氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex colei (Enzmann, 1944)
- 分色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex distinctus (Smith, 1877)
- 驱逐伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ejectus (Smith, 1858)
- 禀赋伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ethicus (Forel, 1911)
- 兰伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex euryblemma (Forel, 1899)
- 菲氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex fiebrigi (Forel, 1908)
- 浅黄伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex flavidulus (Smith, 1858)
- 霍氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex holmgreni (Wheeler, 1925)
- 客居伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex inquilinus Ward, 1996
- Pseudomyrmex laevivertex (Forel, 1906)
- 纤伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex leptosus Ward, 1985 易危物种（Vulnerable），又稱弱伪切叶蚁
- 利氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex lizeri (Santschi, 1922)
- Pseudomyrmex oki (Forel, 1906)
- 苍白伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pallidus (Smith, 1855)
- 帕氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pazosi (Santschi, 1909)
- 秘鲁伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex peruvianus (Wheeler, 1925)
- 罗氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex rochai (Forel, 1912)
- 红腹伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex rufiventris (Forel, 1911)
- 塞米诺伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex seminole Ward, 1985
- 单伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex simplex (Smith, 1877)
- 索氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex solisi (Santschi, 1916)
- 端伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex terminalis (Smith, 1877)
伪切叶蚁绢毛种团 sericeus species-group
[编辑]14个物種包括：
- 贝卡伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex beccarii (Menozzi, 1935)
- Pseudomyrmex cordiae (Forel, 1904)
- 残酷伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex crudelis Ward, 1999
- Pseudomyrmex deminutus Ward, 1999
- 驹伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex eculeus Ward, 1999
- 猛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ferox Ward, 1999
- 强壮伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex fortis (Forel, 1899)
- 伊塔伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ita (Forel, 1906)
- 扰动伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex lisus (Enzmann, E.V., 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex longior (Forel, 1904)
- 花色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex pictus (Stitz, 1913)
- 锈红伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex rubiginosus (Stitz, 1913)
- 绢毛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex sericeus (Mayr, 1870)
- 芬氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex vinneni (Forel, 1906)
伪切叶蚁微小种团 subtilissimus species-group
[编辑]4个物種包括：
- 针突伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex spiculus Ward, 1989
- 微小伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex subtilissimus (Emery, 1890)
- 轻薄伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex tenuissimus (Emery, 1906)
- 多毛伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex villosus Ward, 1989
伪切叶蚁齿颈种团 denticollis species-group
[编辑]4个物種包括：
- 牛眼伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex boopis (Roger, 1863)
- 齿颈伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex denticollis (Emery, 1890)
- 窄结伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex tenuis (Fabricius, 1804)
- 毀木伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex termitarius (Smith, 1855)
伪切叶蚁弑亲种团 viduus species-group
[编辑]该种团與蚁豆属（Tachigali）、破布木属（Cordia）及蓼树属（Triplaris）等植物共生，可能是最接近矾木蚁的种团（见同色伪切叶蚁）。13個物种包括：
- 同色伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex concolor (Smith, 1860)
- 树伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex dendroicus (Forel, 1904)
- 忧郁伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex insuavis Ward, 1999
- 库氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex kuenckeli (Emery, 1890)
- 邪恶伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex malignus (Wheeler, 1921)
- 蛰刺伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex mordax (Warming, 1894)
- 渗透伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex penetrator (Smith, F., 1877)
- 疾行伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex tachigaliae (Forel, 1904) 蚁豆伪切叶蚁
- 枯黄伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex triplaridis (Forel, 1904)
- 三分伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex triplarinus (Weddell, 1850)
- 复仇伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex ultrix Ward, 1999
- 弑亲伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex viduus (Smith, 1858)
- 拒止伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex vitabilis Ward, 1999
未分配种团
[编辑]17个物种包括：
- Pseudomyrmex antiquus Ward, 1992
- Pseudomyrmex coronatus (Wheeler, 1942)
- Pseudomyrmex depressus (Forel, 1906)
- Pseudomyrmex endophytus (Forel, 1912)
- 亮红伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex fervidus (Smith, 1877)
- 线形伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex filiformis (Fabricius, 1804)
- Pseudomyrmex gebellii (Forel, 1899)
- 海地伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex haytianus (Forel, 1901)
- 西方伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex hesperius Ward, 1993
- Pseudomyrmex mandibularis (Spinola, 1851)
- Pseudomyrmex nigrescens (Forel, 1904)
- 珀氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex perboscii (Guerin-Meneville, 1844)
- 中红伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex rufomedius (Smith, 1877)
- 桑氏伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex santschii (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex voytowskii (Enzmann, 1944)
- Pseudomyrmex weberi (Enzmann, 1944)
- 惠勒伪切叶蚁 Pseudomyrmex wheeleri (Enzmann, 1944)
13个化石种包括：
- †Pseudomyrmex antiguanus (Enzmann, 1944)
- †Pseudomyrmex avitus Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex baros Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex coruscus Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex extinctus (Carpenter, 1930)
- †Pseudomyrmex macrops Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex nexilis Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex oryctus Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex prioris Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex saxulum LaPolla & Greenwalt, 2015
- †Pseudomyrmex succinus Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex thecolor Ward, 1992
- †Pseudomyrmex vicinus Ward, 1992
参考文獻
[编辑]- ^ Genus: Pseudomyrmex. antweb.org. AntWeb. [11 October 2013].
- ^ Bolton, B. Pseudomyrmex. AntCat. 2014 [3 July 2014].
- ^ Ward, P. S. The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Generic revision and relationship to other formicids. Systematic Entomology. 1990, 15 (4): 449–489. Bibcode:1990SysEn..15..449W. S2CID 86012514. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1990.tb00077.x.
- ^ 4.0 4.1 Phillip S. Ward. The Neartic species of the genus Pseudomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae. 1985, 21: 209–246.
- ^ Gómez-Acevedo, Sandra; Rico-Arce, Lourdes; Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso; Magallón, Susana; Eguiarte, Luis E. Neotropical mutualism between Acacia and Pseudomyrmex: Phylogeny and divergence times. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56 (2010) 393–408
- ^ Larrea-Alcázar, D. M. and J. A. Simonetti. (2007). Why are there few seedlings beneath the myrmecophyte Triplaris americana?. 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2013-10-02. Acta Oecologica 32(1) 112–18.
- ^ Ward, Philip S. Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the Pseudomyrmex viduus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Triplaris- and Tachigali-inhabiting ants. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1 August 1999, 126 (4): 451–540. doi:10.1006/zjls.1998.0158
.
- ^ F Smith. Descriptions of new species of aculeate Hymenoptera, collected as Panama by R.W. Stretch Esq. with a list of described species and the various localities where they have previously. 1862.
- ^ Ward, Philip S. The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): generic revision and relationship to other formicids. Systematic Entomology. 1990-10, 15 (4) [2025-09-20]. ISSN 0307-6970. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1990.tb00077.x （英语）.
- ^ Ward, Philip S.; Downie, Douglas A. The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): phylogeny and evolution of big-eyed arboreal ants. Systematic Entomology. 2005, 30 (2) [2025-09-20]. ISSN 1365-3113. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2004.00281.x （英语）.
外部链接
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维基共享资源上的相關多媒體資源：Pseudomyrmex
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