佩刀

佩刀（美國英語：saber^[1]；英語：sabre；匈牙利語：Szablya），又稱西洋劍，為彎曲刀身與單面刀鋒的西方軍刀。

語源

「佩剑」的語源可以追溯至钦察突厥语和匈牙利语，意为「切」（匈牙利語：Szab）^[2]。

歷史

佩劍原是匈牙利人所使用的武器^[3]，使用的歷史最早可追溯到西元九世紀前後，始于匈牙利骠骑兵^[4]。

17世纪末和18世纪，许多匈牙利骠骑兵逃亡到中、西欧国家，并成为当地骠骑兵的中坚，因此把被称为Sabre的佩剑传入西欧^[5]。

在19世紀初，佩劍在拿破崙戰爭開始在戰場上大量使用，並持續到第二次世界大戰結束^[6]^[7]^[8]；根據FIE劍種說明，現代運動的佩劍是由十九世紀末海軍用劍發展而成的。與此同時，歐洲的警察亦曾裝備佩劍，後來因人道和實用性理由，被警棍取代^[9]^[10]。

現時，佩劍主要作為軍隊和警察儀仗用途和護旗隊的工具使用。

特點

佩劍源于东欧Szabla型佩剑，最早是中世纪时的单刃刀。為了方便在馬上單手使用，佩劍通常造得輕巧，刀身也盡量造得較長，共有直刀身、微彎刀身、大彎刀身三種。

圖集

現代美軍儀隊軍刀
十九世紀法國海軍軍官用的軍刀。
拿破崙戰爭時的軍刀的柄。

參見

参考来源

^ e.g. Report on the Military Academy at West Point, United States Congressional serial set, Volume 1089, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1861, p. 218.
^ There are some alternative suggestions, deriving the term from a natively Slavic word; e.g. Brückner (Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. 1927) adduced Slavi sabl "rooster" and Menges (The Oriental elements in the vocabulary of the oldest Russian epos, 1951) attempted to connect the Arabic saif.
^ Held, Robert [Hrsg, Polish sabres: their origins and evolution, Heidelberg University Library, 2021 [2023-10-03], doi:10.11588/artdok.00007440
^ Encyclopedia, Online. HUSSAR. encyclopedia jrank. Encyclopædia Britannica. [01-08-2015]. （原始内容存档于2006-06-14）.
^ Bavaria raised its first hussar regiment in 1688 and a second one in about 1700. Prussia followed suit in 1721 when Frederick the Great used hussar units extensively during the War of the Austrian Succession. France established a number of hussar regiments from 1692 onward, recruiting originally from Hungary and Germany, then subsequently from German-speaking frontier regions within France itself. The first hussar regiment in France was founded by a Hungarian lieutenant named Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny. Hungarian-history.hu （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Fowler, Jeffrey T. Axis Cavalry in World War II. Bloomsbury USA. 2001: 43. ISBN 1-84176-323-3.
^ Fowler, Jeffrey T. Axis Cavalry in World War II. Bloomsbury USA. 2001: 46. ISBN 1-84176-323-3.
^ Klaus Richter, Weapons & Equipment of the German Cavalry: 1935–1945, p. 25, ISBN 978-0-8874-0816-8
^ Belgium Says 'NO' To Leopold (Newsreel). Pathé News. 3 August 1950.
^ Ramsey, Syed. Tools of war;history of weapons in medieval times.. [Place of publication not identified]: Alpha Editions. 2016. ISBN 9789386019813. OCLC 971222281. ^{[页码请求]}

[1] .g. Report on the Military Academy at West Point, United States Congressional serial set, Volume 1089, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1861, p. 218.

[2] There are some alternative suggestions, deriving the term from a natively Slavic word; e.g. Brückner (Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. 1927) adduced Slavi sabl "rooster" and Menges (The Oriental elements in the vocabulary of the oldest Russian epos, 1951) attempted to connect the Arabic saif.

[3] Held, Robert [Hrsg, Polish sabres: their origins and evolution, Heidelberg University Library, 2021 [2023-10-03], doi:10.11588/artdok.00007440

[4] Encyclopedia, Online. HUSSAR. encyclopedia jrank. Encyclopædia Britannica. [01-08-2015]. （原始内容存档于2006-06-14）.

[5] Bavaria raised its first hussar regiment in 1688 and a second one in about 1700. Prussia followed suit in 1721 when Frederick the Great used hussar units extensively during the War of the Austrian Succession. France established a number of hussar regiments from 1692 onward, recruiting originally from Hungary and Germany, then subsequently from German-speaking frontier regions within France itself. The first hussar regiment in France was founded by a Hungarian lieutenant named Ladislas Ignace de Bercheny. Hungarian-history.hu （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[6] Fowler, Jeffrey T. Axis Cavalry in World War II. Bloomsbury USA. 2001: 43. ISBN 1-84176-323-3.

[7] Fowler, Jeffrey T. Axis Cavalry in World War II. Bloomsbury USA. 2001: 46. ISBN 1-84176-323-3.

[8] Klaus Richter, Weapons & Equipment of the German Cavalry: 1935–1945, p. 25, ISBN 978-0-8874-0816-8

[9] Belgium Says 'NO' To Leopold (Newsreel). Pathé News. 3 August 1950.

[10] Ramsey, Syed. Tools of war;history of weapons in medieval times.. [Place of publication not identified]: Alpha Editions. 2016. ISBN 9789386019813. OCLC 971222281. ^{[页码请求]}

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