倍他司汀

倍他司汀
臨床資料
商品名	Serc, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	国际药品名称
懷孕分級	C (risk not ruled out);
给药途径	口服给药, 鼻腔给药
ATC碼	N07CA01 (WHO) ;
法律規範狀態
法律規範	处方药（℞-only）;
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度	~100%
血漿蛋白結合率	<5%
药物代谢	肝臟
代謝產物	• 2-(2-Aminoethyl)pyridine（英语：2-(2-Aminoethyl)pyridine）; • 2-Pyridylacetic acid
藥效起始時間（英语：Onset of action）	<1 小時 (最大血药浓度)
生物半衰期	3.5 小時
排泄途徑	尿: 91%
识别信息
	IUPAC命名法 methyl[2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethyl]amine; ;
CAS号	5638-76-6
PubChem CID	2366;
DrugBank	DB06698 ;
ChemSpider	2276 ;
UNII	X32KK4201D;
KEGG	D07522 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:35677 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL24441 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3022665 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.024.625
化学信息
化学式	C8H12N2
摩尔质量	136.20 g·mol−1
3D模型（JSmol）	交互式图像;
	SMILES n1ccccc1CCNC;
	InChI InChI=1S/C8H12N2/c1-9-7-5-8-4-2-3-6-10-8/h2-4,6,9H,5,7H2,1H3 ; Key:UUQMNUMQCIQDMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;

倍他司汀（INN：betahistine）又称甲胺乙吡啶^[4]、倍他组啶^[5]，是组胺H₃受体的拮抗剂或反向激动剂，及组胺H₁受体的部分激动剂^[6]^[7]^[8]，可改善内耳血流而發揮作用^[9]^[10]，用于治疗眩暈和耳鸣（包括美尼尔氏综合症引起的耳鸣）的口服藥物^[11]。然而，有關这些適應症的研究证据力薄弱^[12]^[13]^[14]，且可能需要服用數天才會有效^[9]。

倍他司汀以盐酸倍他司汀（betahistine hydrochloride）、甲磺酸倍他司汀（betahistine mesylate）作为制剂成分，常见副作用包括头痛、恶心和腹部不适^[11]。怀孕和哺乳期的安全性不明^[11]。

倍他司汀于20世纪70年代取得醫療使用許可。雖然它同时也在美国取得使用許可，但随后因疗效有限，而被取消许可，如今此藥仍在其他国家使用^[6]。已有學名药流通於市^[11]。

參見

2-吡啶乙胺（英语：2-Pyridylethylamine）

参考文獻

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Dickenson A. Drugs in Neurology. Oxford University Press. 2017: 408–409 [2025-01-28]. ISBN 978-0-19-966436-8. （原始内容存档于2024-09-29）.
^ White R, Bradnam V. Handbook of Drug Administration via Enteral Feeding Tubes 3rd. Pharmaceutical Press. 2015: 125–. ISBN 978-0-85711-162-3.
^ Tiziani AP. Havard's Nursing Guide to Drugs. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2013: 1063– [2025-01-28]. ISBN 978-0-7295-8162-2. （原始内容存档于2024-09-29）.
^ 徐敏,姜丽丽.眩晕和平衡障碍治疗剂——甲胺乙吡啶[J].中国药业, 1999, 8(8):2.DOI:CNKI:SUN:YYGZ.0.1999-08-070.
^ 芮耀誠. 實用藥物手册. 中華書局. 2002: 225. ISBN 9789622310261.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Babu, Seilesh; Schutt, Christopher A.; Bojrab, Dennis I. Diagnosis and Treatment of Vestibular Disorders. Springer. 2019: 192 [2020-10-07]. ISBN 978-3-319-97858-1. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）（英语）.
^ Hall DA, Wegner I, Smit AL, McFerran D, Stegeman I. Betahistine for tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 28;2018(8):CD013093. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013093. PMCID: PMC6513648.
^ Poyurovsky M, Pashinian A, Levi A, Weizman R, Weizman A. The effect of betahistine, a histamine H1 receptor agonist/H3 antagonist, on olanzapine-induced weight gain in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 Mar;20(2):101-3. doi: 10.1097/00004850-200503000-00007. PMID 15729086.
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 Adriana P. Tiziani. Havard's Nursing Guide to Drugs. Elsevier Health Sciences. 1 June 2013: 1063– [6 January 2018]. ISBN 978-0-7295-8162-2. （原始内容存档于28 August 2021）. Adriana P. Tiziani (1 June 2013). Havard's Nursing Guide to Drugs. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 1063–. ISBN 978-0-7295-8162-2. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2018.
^ Murdin L, Hussain K, Schilder AG. Betahistine for symptoms of vertigo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun 21;2016(6):CD010696. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010696.pub2. PMID 27327415; PMCID: PMC7388750.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 BNF 79 : March 2020.. London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society. 2020: 453. ISBN 9780857113658.
^ Murdin, L; Hussain, K; Schilder, AG. Betahistine for symptoms of vertigo.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 21 June 2016, (6): CD010696. PMID 27327415. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010696.pub2.
^ Wegner, I; Hall, DA; Smit, AL; McFerran, D; Stegeman, I. Betahistine for tinnitus.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 28 December 2018, 12: CD013093. PMID 30908589. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013093.pub2.
^ James, AL; Burton, MJ. Betahistine for Menière's disease or syndrome.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2001, (1): CD001873. PMID 11279734. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001873.

[Dickenson2017-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 Dickenson A. Drugs in Neurology. Oxford University Press. 2017: 408–409 [2025-01-28]. ISBN 978-0-19-966436-8. （原始内容存档于2024-09-29）.

[WhiteBradnam2015-2] White R, Bradnam V. Handbook of Drug Administration via Enteral Feeding Tubes 3rd. Pharmaceutical Press. 2015: 125–. ISBN 978-0-85711-162-3.

[Tiziani2013-3] Tiziani AP. Havard's Nursing Guide to Drugs. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2013: 1063– [2025-01-28]. ISBN 978-0-7295-8162-2. （原始内容存档于2024-09-29）.

[4] 徐敏,姜丽丽.眩晕和平衡障碍治疗剂——甲胺乙吡啶[J].中国药业, 1999, 8(8):2.DOI:CNKI:SUN:YYGZ.0.1999-08-070.

[5] 芮耀誠. 實用藥物手册. 中華書局. 2002: 225. ISBN 9789622310261.

[Bab2019-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Babu, Seilesh; Schutt, Christopher A.; Bojrab, Dennis I. Diagnosis and Treatment of Vestibular Disorders. Springer. 2019: 192 [2020-10-07]. ISBN 978-3-319-97858-1. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）（英语）.

[7] Hall DA, Wegner I, Smit AL, McFerran D, Stegeman I. Betahistine for tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Aug 28;2018(8):CD013093. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013093. PMCID: PMC6513648.

[8] Poyurovsky M, Pashinian A, Levi A, Weizman R, Weizman A. The effect of betahistine, a histamine H1 receptor agonist/H3 antagonist, on olanzapine-induced weight gain in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 Mar;20(2):101-3. doi: 10.1097/00004850-200503000-00007. PMID 15729086.

[Tiz2013-9] 9.0 ^9.1 Adriana P. Tiziani. Havard's Nursing Guide to Drugs. Elsevier Health Sciences. 1 June 2013: 1063– [6 January 2018]. ISBN 978-0-7295-8162-2. （原始内容存档于28 August 2021）. Adriana P. Tiziani (1 June 2013). Havard's Nursing Guide to Drugs. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 1063–. ISBN 978-0-7295-8162-2. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 6 January 2018.

[10] Murdin L, Hussain K, Schilder AG. Betahistine for symptoms of vertigo. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun 21;2016(6):CD010696. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010696.pub2. PMID 27327415; PMCID: PMC7388750.

[BNF79-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 BNF 79 : March 2020.. London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society. 2020: 453. ISBN 9780857113658.

[Mur2016-12] Murdin, L; Hussain, K; Schilder, AG. Betahistine for symptoms of vertigo.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 21 June 2016, (6): CD010696. PMID 27327415. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010696.pub2.

[Weg2018-13] Wegner, I; Hall, DA; Smit, AL; McFerran, D; Stegeman, I. Betahistine for tinnitus.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 28 December 2018, 12: CD013093. PMID 30908589. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013093.pub2.

[James2001-14] James, AL; Burton, MJ. Betahistine for Menière's disease or syndrome.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2001, (1): CD001873. PMID 11279734. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001873.

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