咖啡渣
 | 此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 |
 咖啡渣 | |
| 用途 | |
|---|---|
咖啡渣是速溶咖啡加工時產生的副產品，咖啡渣中含有约20%油脂、10%蛋白质、58%碳水化合物和半乳糖。咖啡渣一般會被視為廢物，直接被人丟棄或當作肥料。截至2019年，全球每年产生約1500万吨的咖啡渣[1][2]。
化學成分
[编辑]大多數咖啡渣的化學成分相似，但用於製作即溶咖啡的咖啡渣由於萃取過程更為廣泛，化學物質含量較少。[3]咖啡渣富含糖分，[4]約佔其重量的一半。另外 20% 由蛋白質組成，還有 20% 是木質素。[5] 乾咖啡渣含有大量的鉀（11.7 克/公斤）、氮（27.9 克/公斤）、鎂（1.9 克/公斤）和磷（1.8 克/公斤）。[6]咖啡渣中殘留的咖啡因含量約為新鮮咖啡渣的 48%。[7]咖啡渣中的單寧含量明顯低於新鮮咖啡渣。[8]
生產
[编辑]平均而言，每生產1噸生咖啡會產生約650公斤咖啡渣[9]，每年產生的咖啡渣超過1500萬噸。[10] 為了遵循生命週期可持續發展的概念[11]，如此大量的廢棄物需要製定相應的廢棄物管理計劃。由於咖啡渣的產生量及其化學特性，人們對其利用方式進行了積極的研究[7] 。
用法
[编辑]預防措施
[编辑]不建議焚燒乾燥的咖啡渣，因為它們燃燒時會釋放出有害的氮氧化物。[5]
參見
[编辑]參考資料
[编辑]- ^ Pendergrast, Mark "Uncommon grounds : the history of coffee and how it transformed our world" 2010 Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02404-9
- ^ 郭芬主编,咖啡深加工,云南大学出版社,2014.03,第119页.
- ^ Pérez-Burillo, Sergio; Cervera-Mata, Ana; Fernández-Arteaga, Alejandro; Pastoriza, Silvia; Rufián-Henares, José Ángel; Delgado, Gabriel. Why Should We Be Concerned with the Use of Spent Coffee Grounds as an Organic Amendment of Soils? A Narrative Review. Agronomy. November 2022, 12 (11): 2771. ISSN 2073-4395. doi:10.3390/agronomy12112771
. hdl:10481/78230 （英语）.
- ^ Mussatto, Solange I.; Carneiro, Livia M.; Silva, João P.A.; Roberto, Inês C.; Teixeira, José A. A study on chemical constituents and sugars extraction from spent coffee grounds. Carbohydrate Polymers. January 2011, 83 (2): 368–374. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.07.063. hdl:1822/16744 .
- ^ 5.0 5.1 McNutt, Josiah; He, Quan (Sophia). Spent coffee grounds: A review on current utilization. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. March 2019, 71: 78–88. S2CID 104298839. doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.054.
- ^ Ballesteros, Lina F.; Teixeira, José A.; Mussatto, Solange I. Chemical, Functional, and Structural Properties of Spent Coffee Grounds and Coffee Silverskin. Food and Bioprocess Technology. December 2014, 7 (12): 3493–3503. S2CID 38776511. doi:10.1007/s11947-014-1349-z. hdl:1822/31900 .
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Campos-Vega, Rocio; Loarca-Piña, Guadalupe; Vergara-Castañeda, Haydé A.; Oomah, B. Dave. Spent coffee grounds: A review on current research and future prospects. Trends in Food Science & Technology. September 2015, 45 (1): 24–36. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2015.04.012.
- ^ Choi, Bogyoung; Koh, Eunmi. Spent coffee as a rich source of antioxidative compounds. Food Science and Biotechnology. August 2017, 26 (4): 921–927. PMC 6049539 . PMID 30263620. doi:10.1007/s10068-017-0144-9.
- ^ Murthy, Pushpa S.; Madhava Naidu, M. Sustainable management of coffee industry by-products and value addition—A review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. September 2012, 66: 45–58. Bibcode:2012RCR....66...45M. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.06.005.
- ^ Kamil, Mohammed; Ramadan, Khalid Mustafa; Awad, Omar I.; Ibrahim, Thamir K.; Inayat, Abrar; Ma, Xiao. Environmental impacts of biodiesel production from waste spent coffee grounds and its implementation in a compression ignition engine. Science of the Total Environment. July 2019, 675: 13–30. Bibcode:2019ScTEn.675...13K. PMID 31026637. S2CID 135449537. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.156 .
- ^ Gebreeyessus, Getachew Dagnew. Towards the sustainable and circular bioeconomy: Insights on spent coffee grounds valorization. Science of the Total Environment. August 2022, 833. Bibcode:2022ScTEn.83355113G. PMID 35427619. S2CID 248138300. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155113. 已忽略未知参数
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