多孔菌

多孔菌是一类具有孔状子实层体的大型真菌，其质地通常呈革质、木栓质或木质，多为木栖腐生类型。

在20世纪的大部分时间里，多孔菌被归入单一的多孔菌科。随着分子系统学和DNA序列分析的发展，研究者发现其系统发育关系更为复杂，现代分类系统已将其划分为至少12个不同的真菌目^[1]^[2]^[3]。当前多孔菌主要分布于以下分类单元^[4]：

参考資料

^ Hibbett, David S.; Binder, Manfred; Bischoff, Joseph F.; Blackwell, Meredith; Cannon, Paul F.; Eriksson, Ove E.; Huhndorf, Sabine; James, Timothy; Kirk, Paul M.; Lücking, Robert; Thorsten Lumbsch, H.; Lutzoni, François; Matheny, P. Brandon; McLaughlin, David J.; Powell, Martha J.; Redhead, Scott; Schoch, Conrad L.; Spatafora, Joseph W.; Stalpers, Joost A.; Vilgalys, Rytas; Aime, M. Catherine; Aptroot, André; Bauer, Robert; Begerow, Dominik; Benny, Gerald L.; Castlebury, Lisa A.; Crous, Pedro W.; Dai, Yu-Cheng; Gams, Walter; Geiser, David M.; Griffith, Gareth W.; Gueidan, Cécile; Hawksworth, David L.; Hestmark, Geir; Hosaka, Kentaro; Humber, Richard A.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Ironside, Joseph E.; Kõljalg, Urmas; Kurtzman, Cletus P.; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Lichtwardt, Robert; Longcore, Joyce; Miądlikowska, Jolanta; Miller, Andrew; Moncalvo, Jean-Marc; Mozley-Standridge, Sharon; Oberwinkler, Franz; Parmasto, Erast; Reeb, Valérie; Rogers, Jack D.; Roux, Claude; Ryvarden, Leif; Sampaio, José Paulo; Schüßler, Arthur; Sugiyama, Junta; Thorn, R. Greg; Tibell, Leif; Untereiner, Wendy A.; Walker, Christopher; Wang, Zheng; Weir, Alex; Weiss, Michael; White, Merlin M.; Winka, Katarina; Yao, Yi-Jian; Zhang, Ning. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi. Mycological Research. 2007-05, 111 (5): 509–547. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004.
^ Binder, Manfred; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Matheny, P. Brandon; Hibbett, David S. Amylocorticiales ord. nov. and Jaapiales ord. nov.: Early diverging clades of Agaricomycetidae dominated by corticioid forms. Mycologia. 2010-07, 102 (4): 865–880. doi:10.3852/09-288.
^ Robledo, Gerardo; Gugliotta, Adriana De Mello. New distribution record of Nigrohydnum nigrum Ryvarden (Polyporales: Basidiomycota) in the Atlantic forest. Check List. 2013-03-01, 9 (1): 97. doi:10.15560/9.1.97.
^ Wu, Fang; Man, Xiaowu; Tohtirjap, Ablat; Dai, Yucheng. A comparison of polypore funga and species composition in forest ecosystems of China, North America, and Europe. Forest Ecosystems. 2022, 9: 100051. doi:10.1016/j.fecs.2022.100051.

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[1] Hibbett, David S.; Binder, Manfred; Bischoff, Joseph F.; Blackwell, Meredith; Cannon, Paul F.; Eriksson, Ove E.; Huhndorf, Sabine; James, Timothy; Kirk, Paul M.; Lücking, Robert; Thorsten Lumbsch, H.; Lutzoni, François; Matheny, P. Brandon; McLaughlin, David J.; Powell, Martha J.; Redhead, Scott; Schoch, Conrad L.; Spatafora, Joseph W.; Stalpers, Joost A.; Vilgalys, Rytas; Aime, M. Catherine; Aptroot, André; Bauer, Robert; Begerow, Dominik; Benny, Gerald L.; Castlebury, Lisa A.; Crous, Pedro W.; Dai, Yu-Cheng; Gams, Walter; Geiser, David M.; Griffith, Gareth W.; Gueidan, Cécile; Hawksworth, David L.; Hestmark, Geir; Hosaka, Kentaro; Humber, Richard A.; Hyde, Kevin D.; Ironside, Joseph E.; Kõljalg, Urmas; Kurtzman, Cletus P.; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Lichtwardt, Robert; Longcore, Joyce; Miądlikowska, Jolanta; Miller, Andrew; Moncalvo, Jean-Marc; Mozley-Standridge, Sharon; Oberwinkler, Franz; Parmasto, Erast; Reeb, Valérie; Rogers, Jack D.; Roux, Claude; Ryvarden, Leif; Sampaio, José Paulo; Schüßler, Arthur; Sugiyama, Junta; Thorn, R. Greg; Tibell, Leif; Untereiner, Wendy A.; Walker, Christopher; Wang, Zheng; Weir, Alex; Weiss, Michael; White, Merlin M.; Winka, Katarina; Yao, Yi-Jian; Zhang, Ning. A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi. Mycological Research. 2007-05, 111 (5): 509–547. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004.

[2] Binder, Manfred; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Matheny, P. Brandon; Hibbett, David S. Amylocorticiales ord. nov. and Jaapiales ord. nov.: Early diverging clades of Agaricomycetidae dominated by corticioid forms. Mycologia. 2010-07, 102 (4): 865–880. doi:10.3852/09-288.

[3] Robledo, Gerardo; Gugliotta, Adriana De Mello. New distribution record of Nigrohydnum nigrum Ryvarden (Polyporales: Basidiomycota) in the Atlantic forest. Check List. 2013-03-01, 9 (1): 97. doi:10.15560/9.1.97.

[4] Wu, Fang; Man, Xiaowu; Tohtirjap, Ablat; Dai, Yucheng. A comparison of polypore funga and species composition in forest ecosystems of China, North America, and Europe. Forest Ecosystems. 2022, 9: 100051. doi:10.1016/j.fecs.2022.100051.

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