有毒类

有毒类; 化石时期：巴通期-現在
	响尾蛇是最著名的毒蛇之一
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	爬行綱 Reptilia
目：	有鳞目 Squamata
演化支：	有毒类 Toxicofera; Vidal & Hedges, 2005

有毒类（学名：Toxicofera，拉丁语意为“毒素携带者”）是有鳞目中的一个演化支，包含蛇亚目、蛇蜥亚目和鬣蜥亚目。有毒类涵盖了现存有鳞目物种中约4600个物种，数量接近六成^[2]。它囊括了所有现存的有毒爬行动物，以及许多与之有亲缘关系的无毒物种。虽然在形态学上，支持这一分类群的证据较为缺乏，但截至2012年，所有的分子生物学分析都支持这一演化支的确立^[3]^[4]^[5]。

参考文献

^ Marjanović, D. The Making of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates. Frontiers in Genetics. 2021, 12. 521693. PMC 8149952 . PMID 34054911. doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.521693 .
^ Fry, Bryan G.; Vidal, Nicolas; Norman, Janette A.; Vonk, Freek J.; Scheib, Holger; Ramjan, S. F. Ryan; Kuruppu, Sanjaya; Fung, Kim; Blair Hedges, S.; Richardson, Michael K.; Hodgson, Wayne. C.; Ignjatovic, Vera; Summerhayes, Robyn; Kochva, Elazar. Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes. Nature. 2005, 439 (7076): 584–8. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..584F. PMID 16292255. S2CID 4386245. doi:10.1038/nature04328.
^ Vidal, Nicolas; Hedges, S. Blair. The molecular evolutionary tree of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians. Comptes Rendus Biologies. 2009, 332 (2–3): 129–39. PMID 19281946. S2CID 23137302. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2008.07.010.
^ Pyron, R.; Burbrink, Frank T.; Wiens, John J. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2013, 13 (1): 93. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13...93P. PMC 3682911 . PMID 23627680. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93 .
^ Wiens, J. J.; Hutter, C. R.; Mulcahy, D. G.; Noonan, B. P.; Townsend, T. M.; Sites, J. W.; Reeder, T. W. Resolving the phylogeny of lizards and snakes (Squamata) with extensive sampling of genes and species. Biology Letters. 2012, 8 (6): 1043–6. PMC 3497141 . PMID 22993238. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0703.

[1] Marjanović, D. The Making of Calibration Sausage Exemplified by Recalibrating the Transcriptomic Timetree of Jawed Vertebrates. Frontiers in Genetics. 2021, 12. 521693. PMC 8149952 . PMID 34054911. doi:10.3389/fgene.2021.521693 .

[Fry2006-2] Fry, Bryan G.; Vidal, Nicolas; Norman, Janette A.; Vonk, Freek J.; Scheib, Holger; Ramjan, S. F. Ryan; Kuruppu, Sanjaya; Fung, Kim; Blair Hedges, S.; Richardson, Michael K.; Hodgson, Wayne. C.; Ignjatovic, Vera; Summerhayes, Robyn; Kochva, Elazar. Early evolution of the venom system in lizards and snakes. Nature. 2005, 439 (7076): 584–8. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..584F. PMID 16292255. S2CID 4386245. doi:10.1038/nature04328.

[3] Vidal, Nicolas; Hedges, S. Blair. The molecular evolutionary tree of lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians. Comptes Rendus Biologies. 2009, 332 (2–3): 129–39. PMID 19281946. S2CID 23137302. doi:10.1016/j.crvi.2008.07.010.

[4] Pyron, R.; Burbrink, Frank T.; Wiens, John J. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 2013, 13 (1): 93. Bibcode:2013BMCEE..13...93P. PMC 3682911 . PMID 23627680. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-93 .

[5] Wiens, J. J.; Hutter, C. R.; Mulcahy, D. G.; Noonan, B. P.; Townsend, T. M.; Sites, J. W.; Reeder, T. W. Resolving the phylogeny of lizards and snakes (Squamata) with extensive sampling of genes and species. Biology Letters. 2012, 8 (6): 1043–6. PMC 3497141 . PMID 22993238. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0703.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]