罗伯茨时期美国最高法院案例列表

这是一个美国最高法院首席大法官约翰·格洛佛·罗伯茨 (2005年9月29日 - 至今)任职期间依庭期顺序排列的部分案例列表。美国最高法院的工作庭期从当年10月的第一个星期一开始持续到次年6月或7月初。

2005年庭期案件

案件名	引用	简介
Gonzales v. Oregon	546 U.S. 243 (2006)	司法部长对受管制物质法案的解释并不能使其合法地禁止为医生协助自杀而分发药物
Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England	546 U.S. 320 (2006)	Invalidating statute and lower courts rendering narrower declaratory and injunctive relief
赖斯诉柯林斯案	546 U.S. 333 (2006)	人身保护令 may not be granted on the basis of debatable inferences used to overturn the trial court's finding vis-á-vis peremptory challenges
Central Virginia Community College v. Katz	546 U.S. 356 (2006)	state sovereign immunity under the 11th Amendment and the Bankruptcy Clause
Gonzales v. O Centro Espirita Beneficente Uniao do Vegetal	546 U.S. 418 (2006)	Federal government could not bar religious use of hallucinogenic tea
Buckeye Check Cashing, Inc. v. Cardegna	546 U.S. 440 (2006)	Arbitrator must decide legality of contract unless arbitration clause is itself being challenged
Domino's Pizza, Inc. v. McDonald	546 U.S. 470 (2006)	agent of a party to a contract cannot state a claim under 美國法典第42编 § 第1981節 because he himself does not have rights to make or enforce under the contract
杜兰诉美国邮政系统案	546 U.S. 481 (2006)	scope of immunity of the United States Postal Service under the Federal Tort Claims Act
Arbaugh v. Y & H Corporation	546 U.S. 500 (2006)	"Employee-numerosity" requirement of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is substantive, rather than jurisdictional in nature
Oregon v. Guzek	546 U.S. 517 (2006)	States may constitutionally limit the evidence of innocence a defendant convicted of a capital offense may present at his sentencing hearing to the evidence already presented at his trial.
Texaco, Inc. v. Dagher	547 U.S. 1 (2006)	joint venture was not a price-fixing scheme under antitrust law
Scheidler v. National Organization for Women	547 U.S. 9 (2006)	physical violence unrelated to robbery or extortion falls outside the scope of the Hobbs Act
Illinois Tool Works, Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc.	547 U.S. 28 (2006)	patented products involved in product tying arrangements are not presumed to have market power under antitrust law
Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic and Institutional Rights	547 U.S. 47 (2006)	law schools receiving federal funds may not ban military recruiters
美国诉格拉布斯案	547 U.S. 90 (2006)	anticipatory search warrant did not violate the particularity clause of the 4th Amendment
佐治亚州诉兰多夫案	547 U.S. 103 (2006)	police cannot conduct a warrantless search in a home where one occupant consents and the other objects
Day v. McDonough	547 U.S. 198 (2006)	A State's unintentional failure to object to the filing of a habeas corpus petition after the statute of limitations has expired does not prevent a district court from dismissing the petition on its own initiative
Northern Ins. Co. of N.Y. v. Chatham County	547 U.S. 268 (2006)	sovereign immunity does not apply to admiralty suit against county
Jones v. Flowers	547 U.S. 220 (2006)	sufficiency of notice for tax sale
哈特曼诉摩尔案	547 U.S. 250 (2006)	A plaintiff in a retaliatory-prosecution action against federal officials must plead and show the absence of probable cause for pressing the underlying criminal charges.
Ark. Dep't of Human Servs. v. Ahlborn	547 U.S. 268 (2006)	state liens on personal injury settlements
Marshall v. Marshall	547 U.S. 293 (2006)	federal bankruptcy court binding state court on inheritance question
霍姆斯诉南卡罗来纳州案	547 U.S. 319 (2006)	limitations on exclusion of evidence in murder case, 6th Amendment
DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno	547 U.S. 332 (2006)	taxpayer standing in a Dormant Commerce Clause case
Sereboff v. Mid Atlantic Medical Services, Inc.	547 U.S. 356 (2006)	fiduciary's recovery of personal injury settlement under ERISA
eBay Inc. v. MercExchange, L.L.C.	547 U.S. 388 (2006)	nature of patent injunctions - revisiting Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co.
S. D. Warren Co. v. Maine Bd. of Env. Protection	547 U.S. 370 (2006)	interpreting scope of activities covered by the Clean Water Act
布里格姆城诉斯图尔特案	547 U.S. 398 (2006)	reasonableness of officers' warrantless entry into a home to stop a fight under the "emergency aid exception"
Garcetti v. Ceballos	547 U.S. 410 (2006)	extent of public employees' First Amendment right to free speech in the workplace
Anza v. Ideal Steel Supply Corp.	547 U.S. 451 (2006)	activities subject to RICO
Zedner v. United States	547 U.S. 489 (2006)	a criminal defendant may not prospectively waive his rights under the Speedy Trial Act
House v. Bell	547 U.S. 518 (2006)	Post-conviction DNA forensic evidence can be considered in death penalty appeals
希尔诉麦克唐纳案	547 U.S. 573 (2006)	a challenge to lethal injection as violating the Eighth Amendment properly raised a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and is not barred by previous habeas corpus petition
哈德森诉密歇根州案	547 U.S. 586 (2006)	evidence obtained with a search warrant is admissible even when police violate 'knock-and-announce' rule
Rapanos v. United States	547 U.S. 715 (2006)	whether wetlands are part of the "navigable waters of the United States" and thus regulated by the Clean Water Act
戴维斯诉华盛顿案	547 U.S. 813 (2006)	whether a 911 call is "testimonial" under Crawford v. Washington
萨姆森诉加利福尼亚案	547 U.S. 843 (2006)	evidence obtained in a suspicionless search of parolees is admissible, and not prohibited under the Fourth Amendment
狄克逊诉合众国案	548 U.S. 1 (2006)	burden of proof for duress as a defense to Federal firearms law violations
Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railway Co. v. White	548 U.S. 53 (2006)	a job reassignment which is dirtier and more strenuous may constitute retaliatory discrimination under the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as may a month of suspension without pay even when the employee receives back pay
Woodford v. Ngo	548 U.S. 81 (2006)	the Prison Litigation Reform Act requires proper exhaustion of administrative remedies before an inmate can file a lawsuit
United States v. Gonzalez-Lopez	548 U.S. 140 (2006)	trial court's erroneous deprivation of a criminal defendant's choice of counsel entitles him to reversal of his conviction
堪萨斯州诉马什案	548 U.S. 163 (2006)	statute allowing the death penalty in cases where the aggravating and mitigating evidence are equal does not violate the Eighth Amendment
Randall v. Sorrell	548 U.S. 230 (2006)	campaign finance laws which limit expenditures violate the First Amendment, and the anticorruption benefits of contribution limits must be weighed against their First Amendment costs
Arlington Central School Dist. Bd. of Ed. v. Murphy	548 U.S. 291 (2006)	The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act does not authorize the award of experts' fees to prevailing plaintiffs
Sanchez-Llamas v. Oregon	548 U.S. 331 (2006)	informing a suspect of his rights under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations
League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry	548 U.S. 399 (2006)	Texas's 2003 redistricting of District 23 constituted a violation of Latinos' rights under the Voting Rights Act of 1965, however mid-decade redistricting is constitutional as long as it is not solely motivated by partisan gain
Hamdan v. Rumsfeld	548 U.S. 557 (2006)	Guantanamo Bay detainees may not be tried by a military commission under the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005, and said military commission violates the Uniform Code of Military Justice and the Geneva Conventions, both of which apply to the detainees, in that accused and their counsels may be excluded from their trial and knowing what evidence has been put against them
Clark v. Arizona	548 U.S. 735 (2006)	constitutionality of Arizona's insanity defense statute

2006年庭期案件

案件名	引用	简介
Lopez v. Gonzales	549 U.S. 47 (2006)	misdemeanor drug crimes as aggravated felonies
Carey v. Musladin	549 U.S. 70 (2006)	spectator publicity and the right to a fair trial; "clearly established" law under the AEDPA
BP America Production Co. v. Burton	549 U.S. 84 (2007)	Statute of limitations on contract actions by the Federal Government under 美國法典第28编 § 第2415節 is not applicable to administrative proceedings
Medimmune, Inc. v. Genentech, Inc.	549 U.S. 118 (2007)	enforceability of patents before infringement
Cunningham v. California	549 U.S. 270 (2007)	applicability of Blakely v. Washington to California's determinate sentencing law
Philip Morris USA v. Williams	549 U.S. 346 (2007)	constitutional limitations on punitive damages
Marrama v. Citizens Bank of Massachusetts	549 U.S. 365 (2007)	bad-faith exception to the right to convert Chapter 7 bankruptcy case to a Chapter 13 case
Sinochem International Co., Ltd. v. Malaysia International Shipping Corporation	549 U.S. 422 (2007)	District Court may respond immediately to defendant's forum non conveniens motion before resolving jurisdictional or other threshold concerns
Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency	549 U.S. 497 (2007)	power to regulate carbon dioxide emissions
Davenport v. Washington Education Association	550 U.S. 117 (2007)	A state may require that its public-sector unions receive authorization from nonmembers before spending their agency fees for election-related purposes
冈萨雷斯诉卡哈特案	550 U.S. 124 (2007)	部份生产堕胎法合宪
James v. United States	550 U.S. 192 (2007)	attempted burglary as a predicate crime under the Armed Career Criminal Act
Scott v. Harris	550 U.S. 372 (2007)	Fourth Amendment seizure in a high speed chase, qualified immunity
KSR v. Teleflex	550 U.S. 398 (2007)	Patent law, nonobviousness
Microsoft v. AT&T	550 U.S. 437 (2007)	copying software in a foreign country cannot violate U.S. patent law
Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.	550 U.S. 618 (2007)	statute of limitations on employment discrimination claims
Permanent Mission of India v. City of New York	551 U.S. 193 (2007)	whether a municipality can sue other countries to collect unpaid taxes
Bowles v. Russell	551 U.S. 205 (2007)	Federal Courts of Appeals lack jurisdiction to hear habeas appeals that are filed late, even if the district court said the petitioner had additional time to file
Brendlin v. California	551 U.S. 249 (2007)	whether a passenger in an automobile is "detained" so that he may assert a Fourth Amendment violation stemming from the traffic stop itself
Credit Suisse v. Billing	551 U.S. 264 (2007)	Whether Congress's creation of the SEC implicitly exempted regulated industries from antitrust lawsuits
丽塔诉合众国案	551 U.S. 338 (2007)	"reasonableness" of a federal prison sentence under United States v. Booker; continuing application of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines
Tellabs, Inc. v. Makor Issues & Rights, Ltd.	551 U.S. 308 (2007)	The proper standard for determining whether a plaintiff has alleged a "strong inference" of scienter under the PSLRA
摩士诉弗雷德里克案	551 U.S. 393 (2007)	free speech rights of high school students ("Bong Hits 4 Jesus")
CBOCS West v. Humphries	551 U.S. 442 (2008)	race retaliation claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1981
Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life, Inc.	551 U.S. 449 (2007)	Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act's restriction on issue ads in election campaigns
Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation	551 U.S. 587 (2007)	taxpayer standing to pursue an Establishment Clause claim against President Bush's faith-based initiative
Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education (companion case)	551 U.S. 701 (2007)	affirmative action; using race as a tie-breaker in assigning students to public schools
Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc.	551 U.S. 877 (2007)	applying rule of reason under Section 1 of the Sherman Act
Panetti v. Quarterman	551 U.S. 930 (2007)	对精神病患者的处决

2007年庭期案件

案件名	引用	简介
沃森诉合众国案	552 U.S. 74 (2007)	whether trading drugs for a gun constitutes use of a firearm under 美國法典第18编 § 第924節 and Bailey v. United States
Kimbrough v. United States	552 U.S. 85 (2007)	whether the 100:1 ratio between powder and crack cocaine imposed by the United States Sentencing Commission yields "reasonable" sentences
Gall v. United States	552 U.S. 38 (2007)	"reasonableness" of a federal prison sentence under United States v. Booker; continuing application of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines
Stoneridge Investment Partners v. Scientific-Atlanta	552 U.S. 147 (2008)	third parties, such as investment banks, accounting firms and suppliers, can be shielded from liability if they engage in business with companies that are involved in securities fraud.
Ali v. Federal Bureau of Prisons	552 U.S. 214 (2008)	Case upholding the United States's sovereign immunity against tort claims brought when "any law enforcement officer" loses a person's property.
Riegel v. Medtronic, Inc.	552 U.S. 312 (2008)	Medical Device Amendment’s preemption clause bars common-law claims challenging the safety or effectiveness of a medical device marketed in a form that received premarket approval from the FDA.
普雷斯顿诉费雷尔案	552 U.S. 346 (2008)	the Federal Arbitration Act preempts state laws declaring that certain disputes must be resolved by a state administrative agency
斯奈德诉路易斯安那州案	552 U.S. 472 (2008)	racial discrimination in jury selection; playing the "O.J. card"
Medellín v. Texas	552 U.S. 491 (2008)	whether the president may direct state courts to obey an order of the World Court ruling regarding the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations
New Jersey v. Delaware	552 U.S. 597 (2008)	boundary dispute between New Jersey and Delaware involving the Twelve-Mile Circle
MeadWestvaco Corp. v. Illinois Dept. of Revenue	553 U.S. 16 (2008)	determination of state tax liability for corporation operating in multiple states according to the "unitary business rule"
巴泽诉里斯案	553 U.S. 35 (2008)	constitutionality of lethal injection protocols under the Eighth Amendment
Virginia v. Moore	553 U.S. 164 (2008)	whether the Fourth Amendment requires suppression of evidence discovered in a search conducted in violation of state law
Crawford v. Marion County Election Board	553 U.S. 181 (2008)	constitutionality of requiring voters to show ID before voting
Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis	553 U.S. 328 (2008)	Kentucky statute providing a preferential tax break to Kentucky residents who invest in bonds issued by the state and its municipalities does not discriminate against interstate commerce
United States v. Williams	553 U.S. 285 (2008)	constitutionality of the PROTECT Act, a 2003 law intended to bolster federal restriction against child pornography, in the wake of Ashcroft v. Free Speech Coalition
Gomez-Perez v. Potter	553 U.S. 474 (2008)	Federal employees who face retaliation after filing an age discrimination claim are authorized to sue under the federal-sector provision of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967.
Quanta v. LG Electronics	553 U.S. 617 (2008)	patent exhaustion and its applicability to certain types of method patents
Boumediene v. Bush	553 U.S. 723 (2008)	whether the Military Detainee Treatment Act of 2006 unconstitutionally suspends the writ of habeas corpus
Allison Engine Co. v. United States ex rel. Sanders	553 U.S. 662 (2008)	Plaintiffs under the False Claims Act must demonstrate that the defendants intended to deceive the government, not simply that government money was used to pay the claim.
Munaf v. Geren	553 U.S. 674 (2008)	habeas corpus statute extends to American citizens held overseas by American forces operating subject to an American chain of command
Indiana v. Edwards	554 U.S. 164 (2008)	may a criminal defendant be competent to stand trial yet simultaneously not competent to represent himself at that trial?
Greenlaw v. United States	554 U.S. 237 (2008)	may a federal appeals court sua sponte increase a defendant's sentence on appeal, without a formal appeal by the government?
Rothgery v. Gillespie County	554 U.S. 191 (2008)	does a criminal defendant have a right to counsel at an ex parte arraignment?
Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker	554 U.S. 471 (2008)	legality of punitive damages award under federal maritime law for the Exxon Valdez oil spill
Kennedy v. Louisiana	554 U.S. 407 (2008)	does the Eighth Amendment forbid the death penalty for rape of a child?
Giles v. California	554 U.S. 353 (2008)	the forfeiture by wrongdoing exception to out of court statements by a witness only applies where the defendant caused the witness's absence in order to eliminate their testimony at trial
District of Columbia v. Heller	554 U.S. 570 (2008)	does the Second Amendment allows a state or local government to outlaw the private possession of handguns?
Davis v. Federal Election Commission	554 U.S. 724 (2008)	"Millionaire's amendment" to the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 violates the First Amendment

2008年庭期案件

案件名	引用	简介
Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council	555 U.S. 7 (2008)	military preparedness outweighs environmental concerns, as Navy needs to train its crews to detect modern, silent submarines
Altria Group, Inc. v. Good	555 U.S. 70 (2008)	federal law does not preempt the states' prerogative to regulate the advertisement of tar and nicotine rates in cigarettes
Herring v. United States	555 U.S. 135 (2009)	evidence obtained during a search the police conducted as a result of an isolated act of negligence not related to the search is not subject to the exclusionary rule
Oregon v. Ice	555 U.S. 160 (2009)	the facts necessary for imposing consecutive prison terms need not be submitted to a jury in accordance with Apprendi v. New Jersey
Waddington v. Sarausad	555 U.S. 179 (2009)	on federal habeas review, courts must accept state court determinations that jury instructions fully and correctly set out state law with regard to accomplice liability
Pearson v. Callahan	555 U.S. 223 (2009)	Saucier v. Katz is overruled; courts need not determine whether a civil-rights plaintiff's constitutional rights were violated if they determine that the right was not clearly established at the time of the injury
Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee	555 U.S. 246 (2009)	The petitioner parents had the right to sue a school committee under 美國法典第42编 § 第1983節 for failing to stop the sexual harassment their daughter endured. This decision reversed the Second Circuit's holding that Title IX provided the sole remedy the parents could seek.
Crawford v. Nashville	555 U.S. 271 (2009)	Employees who cooperate with an internal investigation of alleged sexual harassment are protected against retaliation under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
Van de Kamp v. Goldstein	555 U.S. 335 (2009)	Prosecutors are immune from suit under 美國法典第42编 § 第1983節 for improperly supervising the disclosures made by line prosecutors pursuant to Brady v. Maryland.
United States v. Hayes	555 U.S. 415 (2009)	Under 美國法典第18编 § 第922(g)(9)節, people who have been convicted of misdemeanor domestic violence crimes may not possess firearms as long as the government proves that the underlying offense involved a domestic relationship.
Pleasant Grove City v. Summum	555 U.S. 460 (2009)	A municipality that allows a privately donated Ten Commandments monument to be displayed on public property need not permit the religion of Summum to put up its own statue of similar size.
Negusie v. Holder	555 U.S. 511 (2009)	Under Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council, the Board of Immigration Appeals (rather than a federal court) has the power to decide whether the so-called "persecutor bar" applies to asylum applicants applies to those who were forced to persecute others in their home country.
Wyeth v. Levine	555 U.S. 555 (2009)	Federal drug labeling requirements do not preempt state drug labeling requirements enacted to ensure that the public knew certain drugs are safe.
Harbison v. Bell	556 U.S. 180 (2009)	Under 美國法典第18编 § 第3599節, the federal government must provide lawyers to death row inmates seeking clemency in state proceedings.
Entergy v. Riverkeeper	556 U.S. 208 (2009)	The Clean Water Act does not prevent the EPA from engaging in a cost-benefit analysis when setting standards for power plants that use large quantities of water for cooling.
14 Penn Plaza LLC v. Pyett	556 U.S. 247 (2009)	An employer and a union can agree, through a collective bargaining agreement, that the unionized employees must resolve discrimination claims in arbitration instead of court.
Arizona v. Gant	556 U.S. 332 (2009)	Police power to search an arrested person's vehicle is limited to safety concerns and evidence related to the actual arrest.
FCC v. Fox Television Stations	556 U.S. 502 (2009)	The FCC may ban "fleeting expletives" on television broadcasts.
Cone v. Bell	556 U.S. 449 (2009)	The petitioner death row inmate had not forfeited the opportunity to argue that prosecutors withheld evidence important to his defense.
Dean v. United States	556 U.S. 568 (2009)	Upheld sentence for discharging a firearm during a violent crime, Congress intended a defendant to be held strictly liable for such an offense.
Flores-Figueroa v. United States	556 U.S. 646 (2009)	Whether the law enhancing the sentence for identity theft requires proof that an individual knew that the identity card or number he had used belonged to another, actual person
Ashcroft v. Iqbal	556 U.S. 662 (2009)	Whether top government officials can be held personally liable for allegedly knowing or condoning of racial and religious mistreatment of suspected terrorists
AT&T Corp. v. Hulteen	556 U.S. 701 (2009)	The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 is not retroactive, so maternity leave taken before it passed cannot be considered in calculating employee pension benefits.
Caperton v. A. T. Massey Coal Co.	556 U.S. 868 (2009)	Due process requirements for judges' recusal
United States ex rel. Eisenstein v. City of New York	556 U.S. 928 (2009)	Where the Government has not intervened or actively participated, private plaintiffs under the False Claims Act must file an appeal within 30 days of the judgment or order being appealed, according to the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure.
District Attorney's Office v. Osborne	557 U.S. 52 (2009)	Found no due process, postconviction right to access to the state's evidence for DNA testing.
Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District No. 1 v. Holder	557 U.S. 193 (2009)	§5 of the Voting Rights Act stands, but districts should be better able to "bail out" of it per §4(a)
Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts	557 U.S. 305 (2009)	Under the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment, the prosecution (if it plans to present a lab report as evidence in a criminal trial) must make the analyst who prepared it available for on-demand cross-examination by defense counsel.
Safford Unified School District v. Redding	557 U.S. 364 (2009)	Strip search of a middle schooler violated the Fourth Amendment where the school lacked reasons to suspect either that the drugs presented a danger or that they were concealed in her underwear.
Ricci v. DeStefano	557 U.S. 557 (2009)	White firefighters in New Haven suffered unfair discrimination because of their race when the city scrapped the results of a promotional exam.

2009年庭期案件

案件名	引用	简介
Citizens United v. FEC	558 U.S. 310 (2010)	whether federal campaign finance laws apply to a critical film about Senator Hillary Clinton intended to be shown in theaters and on-demand to cable subscribers
Padilla v. Kentucky	559 U.S. 356 (2010)	must a criminal defendant's lawyer advise him of the immigration-related consequences of a criminal conviction?
Salazar v. Buono	559 U.S. 700 (2010)	First Amendment restrictions on displaying a cross on public property
Reed Elsevier, Inc. v. Muchnick	559 U.S. 154 (2010)	settlement of copyright infringement claims relating to an electronic database
Graham v. Florida	560 U.S. 48 (2010)	whether Roper v. Simmons should also apply to sentences of life without the possibility of parole
Ontario v. Quon	560 U.S. 746 (2010)	Privacy rights of public employees over text messages on employer-issued pagers.
McDonald v. Chicago	561 U.S. 742 (2010)	whether the Second Amendment should also apply against state and local governments

进行中的案件

案件名	Docket no.	Cert. granted on	庭辩	简介
Lafler v. Cooper Missouri v. Frye	10-209 10-444	1/7/11	TBD	Whether a criminal defendant has a claim for ineffective assistance of counsel where his lawyer either deficiently advises him to reject a favorable plea (Lafler) or erroneously fails to communicate a plea offer to him (Frye).

外部链接

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