BogoMips

BogoMips ("bogus"與MIPS，伪MIPS) 是一种衡量CPU速度的不科学方法。当计算机内核启动时，将执行一个计数循环。

对于特定的CPU，BogoMips可用来查看它是否个合适的值。它的时钟频率和它潜在的CPU缓存。但是它不可在不同的CPU间进行比较演示。

合适的BogoMips比率

作为一个参考向导，BogoMips可以用下列的表格进行预计算。给出的比率是以应用到LINUX版本的CPU作为例子。指数是指其它CPU同Intel 386DX CPU的BogoMips/clock speed比率.

CPU	比率	指数
Intel 8088	clock * 0.004	0.02
Intel/AMD 386SX	clock * 0.14	0.8
Intel/AMD 386DX	clock * 0.18	1 (definition)
Motorola 68030	clock * 0.25	1.4
Cyrix/IBM 486	clock * 0.34	1.8
Intel Pentium	clock * 0.40	2.2
Intel 486	clock * 0.50	2.8
AMD 5x86	clock * 0.50	2.8
MIPS R4000/R4400	clock * 0.50	2.8
ARM9	clock * 0.50	2.8
Motorola 8081	clock * 0.65	3.6
Motorola 68040	clock * 0.67	3.7
PowerPC 603	clock * 0.67	3.7
Intel StrongARM	clock * 0.66	3.7
NexGen Nx586	clock * 0.75	4.2
PowerPC 601	clock * 0.84	4.7
Alpha 21064/21064A	clock * 0.99	5.5
Alpha 21066/21066A	clock * 0.99	5.5
Alpha 21164/21164A	clock * 0.99	5.5
Intel Pentium Pro	clock * 0.99	5.5
Cyrix 5x86/6x86	clock * 1.00	5.6
Intel Pentium II/III	clock * 1.00	5.6
AMD K7/Athlon	clock * 1.00	5.6
Intel Celeron	clock * 1.00	5.6
Intel Itanium	clock * 1.00	5.6
R4600	clock * 1.00	5.6
Hitachi SH-4	clock * 1.00	5.6
Intel Itanium 2	clock * 1.49	8.3
Alpha 21264	clock * 1.99	11.1
VIA Centaur	clock * 1.99	11.1
AMD K5/K6/K6-2/K6-III	clock * 2.00	11.1
AMD Duron/Athlon XP	clock * 2.00	11.1
AMD Sempron	clock * 2.00	11.1
UltraSparc II	clock * 2.00	11.1
Intel Pentium MMX	clock * 2.00	11.1
Intel Pentium 4	clock * 2.00	11.1
Intel Pentium M	clock * 2.00	11.1
Intel Core Duo	clock * 2.00	11.1
Intel Core 2 Duo	clock * 2.00	11.1
Intel Atom N455	clock * 2.00	11.1
Centaur C6-2	clock * 2.00	11.1
PowerPC 604/604e/750	clock * 2.00	11.1
Intel Pentium III Coppermine	clock * 2.00	11.1
Intel Pentium III Xeon	clock * 2.00	11.1
Motorola 68060	clock * 2.01	11.2
Intel Xeon MP (32-bit) (hyper-threading)	clock * 3.97	22.1
IBM S390	not enough data (yet)
ARM	not enough data (yet)

BogoMIPS 怎么计算的?

在当前内核(2.6.x),BogoMIPS实现在内核源文件/usr/src/linux/init/calibrate.c。它计算了Linux内核定时参数loops_per_jiffy (see Jiffy ) 值。源码解释如下：

 /*
   * A simple loop like
   *  while ( jiffies < start_jiffies+1)
   *    start = read_current_timer();
   * will not do. As we don't really know whether jiffy switch
   * happened first or timer_value was read first. And some asynchronous
   * event can happen between these two events introducing errors in lpj.
   *
   * So, we do
   * 1. pre_start <- When we are sure that jiffy switch hasn't happened
   * 2. check jiffy switch
   * 3. start <- timer value before or after jiffy switch
   * 4. post_start <- When we are sure that jiffy switch has happened
   *
   * Note, we don't know anything about order of 2 and 3.
   * Now, by looking at post_start and pre_start difference, we can
   * check whether any asynchronous event happened or not
   */

loops_per_jiffy 用于实现 udelay（微秒级延时）和 ndelay（纳秒级延时）函数。某些驱动程序需要这些函数来等待硬件操作完成。这里采用了忙等待（busy waiting）方法，所以在执行 ndelay 或 udelay 函数期间，内核实际上处于阻塞状态。对于i386结构，delay_loop 的实现在 /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/lib/delay.c 中，如下所示：

/* simple loop based delay: */
static void delay_loop(unsigned long loops)
{
  int d0;

  __asm__ __volatile__(
    "\tjmp 1f\n"
    ".align 16\n"
    "1:\tjmp 2f\n"
    ".align 16\n"
    "2:\tdecl %0\n\tjns 2b"
    :"=&a" (d0)
    :"0" (loops));
}

用C语言重写的代码如下：

static void delay_loop(long loops)
{
  long d0 = loops;
  do {
    --d0;
  } while (d0 >= 0);
}

关于BogoMips更丰富更全的信息和数百篇相关文章可参见 BogoMips mini-Howto.

外部链接

• BogoMips Mini-Howto, V38（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）