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User:Saimmx/「訴諸人身」讀後感

维基百科,自由的百科全书

讀到解讀en:Wikipedia:No personal attacks维基百科:诉诸人身。呃,蠻微妙的。

「诉诸人身」

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首先「personal attack」的定義是「人身攻击」(wiktionary金山词霸);「诉诸人身」對應的則是「ad hominem」。但英維辭典也有提到「人身攻击」啊。這很麻煩。

另一方面,從英維裡面,我發現「诉诸人身」的「WP:ADHOMINEM」,是包含在「Wikipedia:No personal attacks」裡面。可是最上面的摘要與導言要求對意見不對貢獻者(俗稱「對事不對人」)。這是因為人身攻擊會傷害社群、以及建立百科全書所需的氛圍。任何人都可刪除,反覆人身攻擊則會被封禁。

「举例」

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論述那個舉例,應該是來自「What is considered to be a personal attack?」章節。開頭是這樣的:

There is no rule that is objective and not open to interpretation on what constitutes a personal attack as opposed to constructive discussion, but some types of comments are never acceptable:

針對判別「人身攻擊」與「建設性討論」方面,並沒有客觀而無須解釋的的規則,但有些發言絕對不可接受:

讀完覺得斷人是非很困難呢。

「举例」

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基本上舉例都是忠實翻譯的。只是人身威脅或法律威脅等威脅行為沒有翻到。但沒有影響原意,我想。

「举例」之後

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在絕對不能接受的舉例後還有這麼說:

These examples are not exhaustive. Insulting or disparaging an editor is a personal attack regardless of the manner in which it is done. When in doubt, comment on the article's content without referring to its contributor at all.

以上舉例不算詳盡。但無論手法為何,侮辱或蔑視編輯者(的行為)皆屬人身攻擊。有疑問的話,請在不挑明貢獻者(編輯者)的情況下對文章發言。

啊,「包括但不限於」式的發言呀。如果未來要舉例的話,可能要考慮這點。

「冒犯性表达」

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首先什麼是「冒犯性表达」呢?也許「冒犯性表达」能翻成「offensive expression」?不過「offensive」也出現在方針中,那段是說是如何應對人身攻擊:簡單來說,不要理它,要理的話要在用戶頁上回應。但有句話很有趣:

Attacks that are particularly offensive or disruptive (such as physical threats, legal threats, or blatantly bigoted insults) should not be ignored. Extraordinary situations that require immediate intervention are rare, but may be reported at Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Incidents.

這是說,而特別冒犯或擾亂性(人身)攻擊,例如人身威脅、法律威脅、或明顯偏執頑固的侮辱,是必須回應且能上英維不當行為的。

精神

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所以en:Wikipedia:No personal attacks整體要求「對事不對人」、而「What is considered to be a personal attack?」章節則認為貶低編者的言論屬於「人身攻擊」。那麼為什麼要立這方針?「立法者精神」為何?答案應該要從「Why personal attacks are harmful」找起:

Personal attacks are disruptive. On article talk pages, they tend to move the discussion away from the article and towards individuals. Such attacks tend to draw battle lines and make it more difficult for editors to work together.

這段強調「人身攻擊」屬於擾亂的、破壞性的活動。這種活動會把文章討論帶偏、針對編者、劃定戰線、令社群難以協作。

Contributors often wish to have their viewpoints included in articles. Through reasoned debate, contributors can synthesize these views into a single article, and this creates a better, more neutral article for everyone. Every person who edits an article is part of the same larger community—we are all Wikipedians.

這段強調貢獻者作為社群的一份子,應當保有不同的觀點;並透過合理的辯論,將觀點綜合成更中立、品質更加優良的條目。有點類似俗諺「真理越辯越明」的說法。

The prohibition against personal attacks applies equally to all Wikipedians. It is as unacceptable to attack a user with a history of foolish or boorish behavior, or one who has been blocked, banned, or otherwise sanctioned, as it is to attack any other user. Wikipedia encourages a civil community: people make mistakes, but they are encouraged to learn from them and change their ways. Personal attacks are contrary to this spirit and damaging to the work of building an encyclopedia.

所有的維基人都適用這個方針──哪怕針對攻擊有愚蠢、粗魯、被封禁、受制裁的用戶,也不能人身攻擊。這是因為人都會犯錯,而社群需要鼓勵所有人吸收錯誤、學習更好的交流方法、並改變自己的行為。而人身攻擊,會違背這種精神、並損害「建設百科全書」的精神。

整理

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因此,為什麼英維要反對「人身攻擊」?何謂「人身攻擊」?就我的解讀,英維反對的理由,是因為「人身攻擊」會帶偏討論、破壞討論文化、令建設百科全書難以完成。至於「人身攻擊」的定義,則是「貶低編者的言論」都算。這似乎和「维基百科:诉诸人身」的說法,有些微妙的區別。

其他想法

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中維的「例子」章節與英維的「What is considered to be a personal attack?」有沒有相異,我還是沒什麼頭緒;而且其他的段落,差異確實更大。只是,要改善如此重要的方針,要花好多時間與心力喔……