北方矫饰主义

北方矫饰主义（Northern Mannerism）是16世纪和17世纪初阿尔卑斯山以北视觉艺术的风格^[1]。大约从17世纪中叶开始，荷兰和其他地方发现了大量源自意大利矫饰主义的风格，尤其是在建筑装饰中；本文将重点关注北方风格主义产生其最具原创性和独特作品的时代和地点。

北方矫饰主义风格的三个主要中心分别是：法国（尤其是在1530年至1550年期间）、布拉格（自1576年起）以及荷兰（自1580年代起）。前两个阶段主要由皇室赞助。在17世纪的最后15年里，这种风格在意大利已经过时，并在北欧广泛传播，主要透过版画传播。在绘画领域，在卡拉瓦乔和早期巴洛克风格的影响下，矫饰主义在新世纪趋于迅速消退，但在建筑和装饰艺术领域，其影响力更为持久^[2]。

参考资料

^ The different definitions of what constituted Italian Mannerism are notorious, and have a knock-on effect in defining the northern versions. For the purposes of this article, the term is used broadly in the sense set out in Shearman (pp. 15–32 in particular), though in a rather wider sense when ornament is discussed. See Smyth, and especially its Introduction by Cropper for an account of the differing ways the term has been used by art historians.
^ Simon Jervis, Printed Furniture Designs Before 1650 (Furniture History Society), 1974.

参考文献

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Anthony Griffiths & Craig Hartley, Jacques Bellange, C. 1575–1616, Printmaker of Lorraine, British Museum Press, 1997, ISBN 0-7141-2611-X
Jacobsen, Karen, ed. (often wrongly cat. as Georg Baselitz), The French Renaissance in Prints, 1994, p. 470; Grunwald Center, UCLA, ISBN 0-9628162-2-1
Lisa Jardine and Jerry Brotton, Global Interests: Renaissance Art Between East And West, London: Reaktion Books, 2005, ISBN 1-86189-166-0
Metzler, Sally, Artists, Alchemists and Mannerists in Courtly Prague, Wamberg, Jacob, ed: Art & alchemy, Museum Tusculanum Press, 2006, ISBN 87-635-0267-4, ISBN 978-87-635-0267-2
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Slive, Seymour, Dutch Painting, 1600–1800, Yale UP, 1995,ISBN 0-300-07451-4
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[1] The different definitions of what constituted Italian Mannerism are notorious, and have a knock-on effect in defining the northern versions. For the purposes of this article, the term is used broadly in the sense set out in Shearman (pp. 15–32 in particular), though in a rather wider sense when ornament is discussed. See Smyth, and especially its Introduction by Cropper for an account of the differing ways the term has been used by art historians.

[2] Simon Jervis, Printed Furniture Designs Before 1650 (Furniture History Society), 1974.

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