2004年航天活动列表
外观
| 轨道发射 | |
|---|---|
| 首次 | 1月11日 |
| 末次 | 12月26日 |
| 总计 | 54 |
| 成功 | 50 |
| 失败 | 1 |
| 部分失败 | 3 |
| 标识符 | 53 |
| 火箭 | |
| 处女航 | 阿丽亚娜5号5G+构型 德尔塔-4重型 联盟2.1a(亚轨道) |
| 退役 | 阿丽亚娜5号5G+构型 宇宙神2AS 宇宙神3A 宇宙神5号521构型 |
| 载人航天 | |
| 轨道飞行次数 | 2 |
| 亚轨道飞行次数 | 3 |
| 载人航天人数合计 | 8 |
本文概述了2004年航天领域发生的重大事件,包括主要发射和舱外活动。
2004年创下了全球航天轨道发射次数的极小值,仅有54次。上一个比2004年发射次数更低的年份则要追溯至1961年(50次),当时人类首次进入太空。2004年后截至目前的年份,发射次数也均高于当年。
首次私人资助的载人航天飞行
[编辑]航天器一号(X0)的15P号飞行是首次私人资助的载人航天飞行。它于2004年6月21日进行。这是Tier One计划的第四次动力试飞,前三次试飞的高度都低得多。这次飞行只搭载了飞行员迈克·梅尔维尔,他因此成为第一位非政府宇航员。
德尔塔-4重型运载火箭首飞
[编辑]2004年12月21日,德尔塔-4重型运载火箭首次发射,携带了模拟载荷,发射任务以部分失败告终。液氧推进剂管线中的空化导致两个助推器提前八秒关闭,核心发动机提前九秒关闭;这导致一二级分离时速度过低,第二级无法补偿。最终载荷被留在比预期更低的轨道上。
轨道发射
[编辑]
已隐藏部分未翻译内容,欢迎参与翻译。
| 发射时间 (UTC) | 运载火箭 | 火箭编号 | 发射场 | 发射服务提供商 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星) |
载荷用户 | 轨道 | 功能 | 再入时间 (UTC) | 结果 | ||
| 附注 | |||||||
January[编辑] | |||||||
| 11 January 04:13 |
|||||||
| Estrela do Sul 1 (Telstar 14) | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational Partial spacecraft failure | |||
| One of the payload's solar panels did not deploy, and several transponders were disabled. Its replacement, Telstar 14R, launched in 2011, suffered a similar issue. | |||||||
| 29 January 11:58 |
|||||||
| Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 3 June | Successful | |||
| ISS flight 13P | |||||||
February[编辑] | |||||||
| 5 February 23:46 |
|||||||
| SES Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 14 February 18:50 |
|||||||
| US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Missile warning | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 18 February 07:05 |
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| Molniya | Missile warning | 在轨 | Operational | ||||
March[编辑] | |||||||
| 2 March 07:17 |
|||||||
| ESA | Heliocentric | Comet probe | 30 September 2016 | Successful | |||
| ESA | Heliocentric | Comet lander | 9 July 2015 | Successful | |||
| Maiden flight of Ariane 5G+ Studied the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and asteroids 2867 Šteins and 21 Lutetia | |||||||
| 13 March 05:40 |
|||||||
| MBSat | MBSAT | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
| Final flight of Atlas IIIA | |||||||
| 15 March 23:06 |
|||||||
| Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 20 March 17:53 |
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| US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 27 March 03:30 |
|||||||
| Russian military | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
April[编辑] | |||||||
| 16 April 00:45 |
|||||||
| SCC | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 18 April 15:59 |
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| University of Harbin | Low Earth | Land resource mapping | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Tsinghua University | Low Earth | Earth imaging | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 19 April 03:19 |
|||||||
| Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS Expedition 9 | 24 October | Successful | |||
| Crewed orbital flight with 3 cosmonauts | |||||||
| 20 April 16:57 |
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| NASA | Low Earth | Test Einstein's Theory of relativity | 在轨 | Successful | |||
| 26 April 20:37 |
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| RSCC | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Decommissioned[1] | |||
May[编辑] | |||||||
| 4 May 12:42 |
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| DirecTV | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 17 May 11:12 |
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| CSXT | Suborbital | Test spacecraft | 17 May | Successful | |||
| First amateur space launch (apogee: 116 km)[2] | |||||||
| 19 May 22:22 |
|||||||
| SES Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 20 May 17:47 |
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| NSPO | Low Earth | Earth imaging | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 25 May 12:34 |
|||||||
| Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 30 July | Successful | |||
| ISS flight 14P | |||||||
| 28 May 06:00 |
|||||||
| VMF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | |||
June[编辑] | |||||||
| 10 June 01:28 |
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| VKS | Low Earth | Signals intelligence | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 16 June 22:27 |
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| Intelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 21 June 14:47 |
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| Scaled Composites | Suborbital | Test spacecraft | 21 June | Successful | |||
| Crewed sub-orbital flight with 1 astronaut (Mike Melvill) First privately funded crewed spaceflight Maiden flight of SpaceShipOne as a spacecraft | |||||||
| 23 June 22:54 |
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| US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 29 June 03:59 |
|||||||
| Telstar 18 | Loral/Apstar | Intended: Geosynchronous Achieved: Medium Earth |
Communications | 在轨 | Partial launch failure | ||
| Premature cutout left payload in useless orbit | |||||||
| 29 June 06:30 |
|||||||
| LatinSat D (AprizeSat 2) | Aprize | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
| CNES | Low Earth | Seismology | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| RSRI | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| RSRI | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| RSRI | Low Earth | Earth imaging | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| LatinSat C (AprizeSat 1) | Aprize | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
| Sapienza University of Rome | Low Earth | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| AMSAT | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
July[编辑] | |||||||
| 15 July 10:02 |
|||||||
| NASA | Sun-synchronous (A-train) | Atmospheric research | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 18 July 00:44 |
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| Telesat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 22 July 17:46 |
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| Low Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | ||||
| 25 July 07:05 |
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| CASC/ESA | High Earth (High-eccentricity) | Magnetosphere research | 在轨 | Operational | |||
August[编辑] | |||||||
| 3 August 07:18 |
|||||||
| NASA | Mercurian | Mercury probe | 30 April 2015 | Successful | |||
| Became the first spacecraft to orbit Mercury on 4 April 2011 | |||||||
| 4 August 22:32 |
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| Hispasat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 11 August 05:03 |
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| Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 22 December | Successful | |||
| ISS flight 15P | |||||||
| 29 August 07:50 |
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| Geosynchronous | Earth imaging | 7 November 23:55 |
Successful | ||||
| 31 August 23:17 |
|||||||
| NRO | Geosynchronous | Classified | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Final flight of Atlas IIAS | |||||||
September[编辑] | |||||||
| 6 September 10:35 |
|||||||
| Intended: Low Earth (retrograde) | Reconnaissance | T+270 | Launch failure | ||||
| Loss of control during third stage burn | |||||||
| 8 September 23:14 |
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| CASC | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| CASC | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 20 September 10:31 |
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| ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 23 September 15:07 |
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| Russian military | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Russian military | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 24 September 16:50 |
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| Russian military | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 9 January 2005 | Failure | |||
| Re-entry capsule could not be located | |||||||
| 27 September 08:00 |
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| Low Earth | Earth imaging | 在轨 | Operational | ||||
| 29 September 15:12 |
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| Scaled Composites | Suborbital | Ansari X Prize qualification | 29 September | Successful | |||
| Crewed sub-orbital flight with 1 astronaut (Mike Melvill) | |||||||
October[编辑] | |||||||
| 4 October 14:49 |
|||||||
| Scaled Composites | Suborbital | Ansari X Prize qualification | 4 October | Successful | |||
| Crewed sub-orbital flight with 1 astronaut (Brian Binnie) Final flight of SpaceShipOne | |||||||
| 14 October 03:06 |
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| Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS Expedition 10 | 24 April 2005 | Successful | |||
| Crewed orbital flight with 3 cosmonauts | |||||||
| 14 October 21:23 |
|||||||
| SES Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 19 October 01:20 |
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| Geosynchronous | Weather satellite | 在轨 | Operational | ||||
| 29 October 22:11 |
|||||||
| RSCC | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
November[编辑] | |||||||
| 6 November 03:10 |
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| Geosynchronous | Earth imaging | 在轨 | Operational | ||||
| 6 November 05:39 |
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| US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 8 November 18:30 |
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| Suborbital | Test carrier rocket | 8 November | Successful | ||||
| Maiden flight of Soyuz-2.1a | |||||||
| 18 November 10:45 |
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| Low Earth | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | ||||
| 20 November 17:16 |
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| NASA | Low Earth | Gamma-ray research | 在轨 | Operational | |||
December[编辑] | |||||||
| 14 December | Sounding Rocket IV | ||||||
| NSPO | Suborbital | Airglow research, technology test | 14 December | Successful | |||
| Apogee: ~280 km(174 mi) | |||||||
| 17 December 12:07 |
|||||||
| SES Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 18 December 16:26 |
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| DGA | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| INTA | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| DGA | Low Earth | ELINT | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| DGA | Low Earth | ELINT | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| DGA | Low Earth | ELINT | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| DGA | Low Earth | ELINT | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| CNES | Sun-synchronous (A-train) | Aeronomy | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Final flight of Ariane 5G+ | |||||||
| 21 December 21:50 |
|||||||
| US Air Force | Intended: Subsynchronous Actual: Medium Earth |
Test launch vehicle | 在轨 | Partial launch failure | |||
| US Air Force | Low Earth | Cloud imaging | 22 December | Satellite failure | |||
| US Air Force | Low Earth | Cloud imaging | 22 December | Satellite failure | |||
| Maiden flight of Delta IV Heavy Premature cut-off of second stage (burn one) left all payloads in wrong orbits. Both nanosats failed to contact ground after separation | |||||||
| 22 December | |||||||
| RVSN | Suborbital | Missile test | 22 December | Successful | |||
| 23 December 22:19 |
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| Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 9 March 2005 | Successful | |||
| ISS flight 16P | |||||||
| 24 December 11:20 |
|||||||
| NKAU | Low Earth | Earth observation | 在轨 | Partial launch failure | |||
| NKAU | Low Earth | Earth observation | |||||
| Both satellites placed into incorrect orbits due to premature third stage cutoff | |||||||
| 26 December 13:53 |
|||||||
| KNITs | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| KNITs | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| KNITs | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
深空机动
[编辑]
已隐藏部分未翻译内容,欢迎参与翻译。
| 日期 (UTC) | 航天器 | 事件 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 January | Stardust | Flyby of 81P/Wild (Wild 2) | Dust collection (samples returned to Earth in 2006) |
| 3 January | Spirit | Landing on Mars | Gusev Crater |
| 24 January | Opportunity | Landing on Mars | Meridiani Planum |
| 4 February | Ulysses | 2nd flyby of Jupiter | |
| 19 May | Hayabusa | Flyby of the Earth | |
| 11 June | Cassini | Flyby of Phoebe | Closest approach: 2,000千米(1,200英里) |
| 1 July | Cassini | First orbiter of Saturn | Saturnian orbit injection |
| 8 September | Genesis | Capsule crash-landing on Earth | 0.4毫克(0.0062格令) of solar sample aboard |
| 26 October | Cassini | Flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 1,200千米(750英里) |
| 15 November | SMART-1 | Selenocentric orbit injection | First European Lunar mission |
| 13 December | Cassini | Flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 2,336千米(1,452英里) |
舱外活动
[编辑]
| 次数 | 航天器 | 宇航员 | 开始时间(UTC) | 结束时间(UTC) | 时间长度 | 介绍 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 235. | ISS远征8号 第一次舱外活动 |
迈克尔·福奥勒 亚历山大·卡列里 |
2004年2月26日 21:17 |
2004年2月27日 01:12 |
3小时55分钟 | 安装、拆除实验设备 |
| 236. | ISS远征9号 第一次舱外活动 |
根纳季·帕达尔卡 爱德华·芬克(Edward Fincke) |
2004年6月24日 21:57 |
2004年6月24日 22:10 |
13分钟 | |
| 237. | ISS远征9号 第二次舱外活动 |
根纳季·帕达尔卡 爱德华·芬克 |
2004年6月30日 21:19 |
2004年7月1日 02:59 |
5小时40分钟 | 调整ISS陀螺仪 |
| 238. | ISS远征9号 第三次舱外活动 |
根纳季·帕达尔卡 爱德华·芬克 |
2004年8月3日 06:58 |
2004年8月3日 11:28 |
4小时30分钟 | 安装天线,更换激光反射器 |
| 239. | ISS远征9号 第四次舱外活动 |
根纳季·帕达尔卡 爱德华·芬克 |
2004年9月3日 16:43 |
2004年9月3日 22:04 |
5小时20分钟 | 安装对接天线 |
轨道发射统计
[编辑]按国家(区域)
[编辑]- 中国: 8
- 欧洲: 3
- 印度: 1
- 以色列: 1
- 俄罗斯: 18
- 乌克兰: 7
- 美国: 16
| 国家(区域) | 发射数 | 成功数 | 失败数 | 部分 失败数 |
备注 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 7 | 5 | 0 | 2 | |||
| 16 | 15 | 0 | 1 | |||
| 总计 | 54 | 50 | 1 | 3 | ||
按火箭
[编辑]
已隐藏部分未翻译内容,欢迎参与翻译。
By family
[编辑]| Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ariane | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Atlas | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Delta | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | ||
| GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Minotaur | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| R-7 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | ||
| R-14 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| R-36 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Shavit | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Titan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Universal Rocket | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Zenit | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
By type
[编辑]| Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ariane 5 | Ariane | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Atlas II | Atlas | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | Final flight | |
| Atlas III | Atlas | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Atlas V | Atlas | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Delta II | Delta | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Delta IV | Delta | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Dnepr | R-36 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| GSLV | GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Kosmos | R-14 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 2 | Long March | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 3 | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 4 | Long March | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Molniya-M | R-7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Proton-K | Universal Rocket | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Proton-M | Universal Rocket | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Shavit | Shavit | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Soyuz-U | R-7 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Soyuz-FG | R-7 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Taurus | Minotaur | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Titan IV | Titan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Tsyklon | R-36 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Zenit | Zenit | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
By configuration
[编辑]| Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ariane 5G+ | Ariane 5 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Maiden and final flights | |
| Atlas IIAS | Atlas II | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | Final flight | |
| Atlas IIIA | Atlas III | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight | |
| Atlas V 521 | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight | |
| Delta II 7320 | Delta II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Delta II 7920 | Delta II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Delta II 7920-10L | Delta II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Delta II 7925 | Delta II | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Delta II 7925H | Delta II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Delta IV Heavy | Delta IV | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | Maiden flight | |
| Dnepr | Dnepr | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| GSLV Mk I | GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Kosmos-3M | Kosmos | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 2C | Long March 2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 2D | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 3A | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Long March 4B | Long March 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Molniya-M | Molniya-M | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Proton-K / DM-2 | Proton-K | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Proton-M / Briz-M | Proton-M | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Shavit-1 | Shavit | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Soyuz-U | Soyuz-U | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Soyuz-FG | Soyuz-FG | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Taurus 3120 | Taurus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Titan IV-B (402B) / IUS | Titan IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Tsyklon-2 | Tsyklon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Tsyklon-3 | Tsyklon | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Zenit-2 | Zenit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Zenit-3SL | Zenit | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
按发射场
[编辑]
已隐藏部分未翻译内容,欢迎参与翻译。
5
10
15
20
China
France
India
International waters
Israel
Kazakhstan
Russia
United States
| Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baikonur | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Cape Canaveral | 13 | 12 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Jiuquan | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Kourou | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Ocean Odyssey | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Palmachim | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Plesetsk | 5 | 4 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Satish Dhawan | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Taiyuan | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Vandenberg | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Xichang | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Total | 54 | 50 | 1 | 3 | ||
按轨道
[编辑]
已隐藏部分未翻译内容,欢迎参与翻译。
5
10
15
20
25
30
- Transatmospheric
- Low Earth
- Low Earth (ISS)
- Low Earth (SSO)
- Low Earth (retrograde)
- Medium Earth
- Geosychronous
(transfer) - Inclined GSO
- High Earth
- Heliocentric
| Orbital regime | Launches | Successes | Failures | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transatmospheric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Low Earth | 23 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 6 to ISS |
| Medium Earth / Molniya | 5 | 5 | 0 | 2 | |
| Geosynchronous / GTO | 23 | 21 | 2 | 0 | |
| High Earth / Lunar transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Heliocentric / Planetary transfer | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 54 | 51 | 3 | 2 |
参考
[编辑]- 中国国家航天局
- 中国探月网
- Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
- 日本宇宙航空研究开发机构
- Jonathan's Space Report(SatCat.txt与Launchlog.txt两项)
- Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
- NASA
- NASA SpaceFlight.com
- Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
- Space Calander (NASA JPL)
- Southwest Space Archive
- SPACE.com Launch Forecast
- SpaceFlightNow
- Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
- U.S. Space Objects Registry
脚注
[编辑]- ^ National Space Science Data Center/World Data Center for Satellite Information. SPACEWARN Bulletin #629. NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA. 1 April 2006 [15 May 2021]. (原始内容存档于15 May 2021).
- ^ GoFast. Encyclopedia Astronautica. [12 March 2016]. (原始内容存档于5 January 2009). 已忽略未知参数
|df=(帮助) - ^ Chern, Jeng-Shing; Wu, Bill; Chen, Yen-Sen; Wu, An-Ming. Suborbital and low-thermospheric experiments using sounding rockets in Taiwan. Acta Astronautica. 2012, 70: 159–164. ISSN 0094-5765. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.07.030.
