2000年航天活动列表
外观
| 轨道发射 | |
|---|---|
| 首次 | 1月21日 |
| 末次 | 12月27日 |
| 总计 | 85 |
| 成功 | 81 |
| 失败 | 4 |
| 标识符 | 82 |
| 火箭 | |
| 处女航 | 擎天神3A 呼啸Briz-KM上面级构型 |
| 退役 | 长征三号 德尔塔3号 |
| 载人航天 | |
| 轨道飞行次数 | 7 |
| 载人航天人数合计 | 37 |
本文概述了2000年航天领域发生的重大事件,包括主要发射和舱外活动。
国际空间站首次远征任务
[编辑]联盟TM-31是首个与国际空间站对接的联盟号飞船。它搭载了远征1任务的乘组,即首批长期在国际空间站驻留的宇航员。联盟TM-31于2000年10月31日07:52(UTC)从哈萨克斯坦拜科努尔航天发射场由联盟-U运载火箭发射升空。
轨道发射
[编辑]
已隐藏部分未翻译内容,欢迎参与翻译。
| 发射时间 (UTC) | 运载火箭 | 火箭编号 | 发射场 | 发射服务提供商 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星) |
载荷用户 | 轨道 | 功能 | 再入时间 (UTC) | 结果 | ||
| 附注 | |||||||
January[编辑] | |||||||
| 21 January 01:03[1] |
|||||||
| US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 25 January 01:04[2] |
|||||||
| PanAmSat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 25 January 16:45[3] |
|||||||
| ChinaSat / CAST | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 27 January 03:03[4] |
|||||||
| Weber State/USAF Academy | Low Earth | Plasma research | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| USAF Academy | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Arizona State | Low Earth | Imaging/Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| US Air Force | Low Earth | Laser calibration | 3 March 2001 | Successful | |||
| Stanford | Low Earth | Picosatellite deployment | 在轨 | Successful | |||
| AMSAT | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure | |||
| DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| DARPA | Low Earth | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Santa Clara | Low Earth | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure | ||||
| Santa Clara | Low Earth | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure | ||||
| Santa Clara | Low Earth | 在轨 | Spacecraft failure | ||||
| Maiden flight of Minotaur I Thelma, Louise, JAK, and STENSAT failed to contact ground after deployment from OPAL Thelma & Louise deployed on 12 February, JAK & STENSAT on 11 February Picosats also deployed from OPAL at 03:34 UTC on 7 February | |||||||
February[编辑] | |||||||
| 1 February 06:47[5] |
|||||||
| Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 26 April 19:27 |
Successful | |||
| Maiden flight of Progress-M1 spacecraft | |||||||
| 3 February 09:26[6] |
|||||||
| MO RF | Low Earth | ELINT | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 3 February 23:30[1] |
|||||||
| Hispasat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Deactivated 2 June 2017 | |||
| 8 February 21:24[7] |
|||||||
| Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Globalstar | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 8 February 23:00[5] |
ST-07 | ||||||
| ESA | Low Earth | Recoverable experiments | 9 February | Partial Failure | |||
| ESA | Low Earth | Recoverable experiments | 9 February | Partial Failure | |||
| Lavochkin | Low Earth | Boilerplate | 在轨 | Successful | |||
| Maiden flight of Soyuz-U/Fregat Variant. First flight of the Fregat Upper stage. Damage to the inflatable heat shield of IRDT led to high landing speed which damaged the spacecraft. Mission Designated:Demonstrator. | |||||||
| 10 February 01:30[8] |
|||||||
| ISAS | Intended: Low Earth | Astronomy | 10 February | Launch failure | |||
| Loss of control during first stage burn | |||||||
| 11 February 17:43[9] |
|||||||
| NASA | Low Earth | Radar topography | 22 February | Successful | |||
| Crewed orbital flight with six astronauts Shuttle Radar Topography Mission | |||||||
| 12 February 09:10[10] |
|||||||
| ACeS | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 18 February 01:04[2] |
|||||||
| SCC | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
March[编辑] | |||||||
| 12 March 04:07[10] |
|||||||
| RSCC | Geosynchronous | Communications | 2015 | Successful | |||
| 12 March 09:29[11] |
|||||||
| U.S. Air Force / Sandia | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 14 May 2022[12] | Successful | |||
| 12 March 14:19[6] |
|||||||
| ICO | Intended: Medium Earth | Communications | 12 March | Launch Failure | |||
| Programming error led to premature second stage cutoff. | |||||||
| 20 March 18:28[5] |
ST-08 | ||||||
| Starsem | Medium Earth | Boilerplate | 在轨 | Successful | |||
| 21 March 23:28[13] |
|||||||
| ISRO | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 1worldspace | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 25 March 20:34[7] |
D-277 | ||||||
| NASA | High Earth | Aurora research | 在轨 | Intermittent contact | |||
April[编辑] | |||||||
| 4 April 05:01[5] |
|||||||
| Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Mir EO-28 | 16 June 00:34 |
Successful | |||
| Crewed orbital flight with two cosmonauts Final crewed flight to the Mir space station | |||||||
| 17 April 21:06[10] |
|||||||
| Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 13 February 2018 | Deactivated | |||
| 19 April 00:29[2] |
|||||||
| PanAmSat | Geosynchronous | Communications | April 2009 | Deactivated | |||
| 25 April 20:08[5] |
|||||||
| Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 15 October | Successful | |||
May[编辑] | |||||||
| 3 May 07:07[1] |
|||||||
| NOAA/NASA | Geostationary | Meteorology | 15 December 2011 | Deactivated | |||
| 3 May 13:25[5] |
|||||||
| MO RF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 3 May 2001 | Successful | |||
| 8 May 16:01[14] |
|||||||
| US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Early warning | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 11 May 01:48[7] |
|||||||
| US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 16 May 08:27[15] |
|||||||
| Eurockot | Low Earth | Boilerplate | 在轨 | Successful | |||
| Eurockot | Low Earth | Boilerplate | 在轨 | Successful | |||
| Maiden flight of Rokot / Briz-KM Variant. First launch of Eurockot. First launch of Rokot from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. First launch of Rokot outside a silo. | |||||||
| 19 May 10:11[16] |
|||||||
| NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 29 May 06:20 |
Successful | |||
| NASA/Spacehab | Low Earth (Atlantis) | Logistics | Successful | ||||
| Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts | |||||||
| 24 May 23:10[1] |
|||||||
| Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Maiden flight of Atlas IIIA. | |||||||
June[编辑] | |||||||
| 6 June 02:59[10] |
|||||||
| RSCC | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 7 June 13:19[17] |
|||||||
| US Air Force / Royal Air Force | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 24 June 00:28[10] |
|||||||
| Intersputnik | Geosynchronous | Communications | September 2009 | Deactivated | |||
| 25 June 11:50[3] |
|||||||
| CASC | Geosynchronous | Meteorology | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Final flight of Long March 3 | |||||||
| 28 June 10:37[18] |
|||||||
| MO RF | Low Earth (SSO) | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Tsinghua | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| SSTL | Low Earth (SSO) | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 30 June 12:56[1] |
|||||||
| NASA | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| First advanced TDRS satellite | |||||||
| 30 June 22:08[10] |
|||||||
| Sirius | Tundra | Communications | 2016 | Deactivated | |||
July[编辑] | |||||||
| 4 July 23:44[10] |
|||||||
| MO RF | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 12 July 04:56[10] |
|||||||
| Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| ISS flight 1R | |||||||
| 14 July 05:21[1] |
|||||||
| EchoStar | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 15 July 12:00[18] |
|||||||
| DLR | Low Earth | Geophysics | 19 September 2010 09:43[19] |
Successful | |||
| ASI | Low Earth | Particle detection | 15 August 2001 | Successful | |||
| OHB-System | Low Earth | Monitor carrier rocket | 30 August 2001 | Successful | |||
| Rubin 1 was permanently attached to the second stage of Kosmos-3M | |||||||
| 16 July 09:17[7] |
|||||||
| US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 16 July 12:39[5] |
|||||||
| ESA | High Earth | Magnetosphere research | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| ESA | High Earth | Magnetosphere research | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Cluster II mission | |||||||
| 19 July 20:09[4] |
|||||||
| US Air Force/DARPA | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 11 December 2002 | Successful | |||
| US Air Force | Low Earth | Technology development | 7 November 2002 | Successful | |||
| US Air Force | Low Earth | Technology development | 7 November 2002 | Successful | |||
| 28 July 22:42[6] |
|||||||
| PanAmSat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
August[编辑] | |||||||
| 6 August 18:26[5] |
|||||||
| Roscosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS logistics | 1 November 07:05 |
Successful | |||
| ISS flight 1P | |||||||
| 9 August 11:13[5] |
|||||||
| ESA | High Earth | Magnetosphere research | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| ESA | High Earth | Magnetosphere research | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Cluster II mission. | |||||||
| 17 August 23:16[2] |
|||||||
| Embratel | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Successful[20] | |||
| Nilesat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 17 August 23:45[14] |
|||||||
| NRO | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| NROL-11 Mission. | |||||||
| 23 August 11:05[7] |
|||||||
| Boeing IDS | Intended: Geostationary transfer Actual: Medium Earth |
Boilerplate / Calibration target | 31 December 2019[21] | Partial failure | |||
| Payload placed in lower orbit than expected due to atmospheric conditions. Final flight of Delta III. | |||||||
| 28 August 20:08[10] |
|||||||
| MO RF | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
September[编辑] | |||||||
| 1 September 03:25[3] |
|||||||
| CAST | Low Earth | Imaging | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 5 September 09:43[10] |
|||||||
| Sirius | Tundra | Communications | 在轨 | Deactivated 2016 | |||
| 6 September 22:23[2] |
|||||||
| Eutelsat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 8 September 12:45[22] |
|||||||
| NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 20 September 07:56 |
Successful | |||
| NASA/Spacehab | Low Earth (Atlantis) | Logistics | Successful | ||||
| Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts | |||||||
| 14 September 22:54[13] |
|||||||
| SES | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| GE Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 21 September 10:22[14] |
|||||||
| NOAA/NASA | Sun-synchronous | Weather satellite | 25 November 2015[23] | Successful | |||
| 25 September 10:10[6] |
|||||||
| MO RF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 20 April 2001 | Successful | |||
| 26 September 10:05[24] |
|||||||
| ASTB | Low Earth | Earth Imaging | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| MegSat | Low Earth | Research | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Universita degli Studi | Low Earth | Earth Imaging | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| SISR | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| SISR | Low Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 29 September 09:30[5] |
|||||||
| MO RF | Low Earth | Cartography | 14 November 22:53 |
Successful | |||
October[编辑] | |||||||
| 1 October 22:00[10] |
|||||||
| GE Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 6 October 23:00 |
|||||||
| SCC/JSAT Corporation | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 9 October 05:38[17] |
|||||||
| NASA/MIT | Low Earth | Astronomy | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 11 October 23:17[25] |
|||||||
| NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 24 October 22:00 |
Successful | |||
| NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Crewed orbital flight with seven astronauts 100th flight of the Space Shuttle program | |||||||
| 13 October 14:12[10] |
|||||||
| KNITs | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| KNITs | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| KNITs | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 16 October 21:27[5] |
|||||||
| Roskosmos | Low Earth (Mir) | Logistics | 29 January 2001 | Successful | |||
| 20 October 00:40[1] |
|||||||
| US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 21 October 05:52[6] |
|||||||
| Thuraya | Operational: Geosychronous Actual: Graveyard |
Communications | 在轨 | Successful | |||
| Thuraya 1 retired in May 2007 | |||||||
| 21 October 22:00[10] |
|||||||
| GE Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 29 October 05:59[2] |
|||||||
| EuropeStar F1 | EuropeStar | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | ||
| 100th Ariane 4 launch | |||||||
| 30 October 16:02[3] |
|||||||
| CNSA | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 31 October 07:52[5] |
|||||||
| Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS Expedition 1 | 5 June 2001 05:41 |
Successful | |||
| Crewed orbital flight with three cosmonauts | |||||||
November[编辑] | |||||||
| 10 November 17:14[7] |
|||||||
| US Air Force | Medium Earth | Navigation | 在轨 | Successful | |||
| 16 November 01:07[13] |
|||||||
| PanAmSat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| AMSAT | High Earth | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| DERA | Geostationary transfer | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| DERA | Geostationary transfer | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 16 November 01:32[5] |
|||||||
| Roskosmos | Low Earth (ISS) | Logistics | 8 February 2001[26] 13:50 |
Successful | |||
| ISS flight 2P | |||||||
| 20 November 23:00[18] |
|||||||
| EarthWatch | Intended: Low Earth | Earth Imaging | 21 November ~00:30 |
Launch Failure | |||
| Second stage failed to restart | |||||||
| 21 November 18:24[7] |
|||||||
| NASA | Low Earth | Technology development | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| CONAE | Low Earth | Earth Observation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| SISP | Low Earth | Particle detection Auroral observation |
在轨 | Operational | |||
| 21 November 23:56[2] |
|||||||
| Telesat | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 30 November 19:59[10] |
|||||||
| Sirius | Tundra | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
December[编辑] | |||||||
| 1 December 03:06[27] |
|||||||
| NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS assembly | 11 December 23:03 |
Successful | |||
| NASA | Low Earth (ISS) | ISS component | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| Crewed orbital flight with five astronauts | |||||||
| 5 December 12:32[28] |
|||||||
| Imagesat | Low Earth | Earth observation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 6 December 02:47[1] |
|||||||
| US Air Force | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| NRO L-10 | |||||||
| 20 December 00:26[13] |
|||||||
| SES | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| GE Americom | Geosynchronous | Communications | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| NASDA | Geostationary transfer | Technology development | 21 March 2010 03:40[29] |
Failure | |||
| LDREX failed to deploy | |||||||
| 20 December 16:20[3] |
|||||||
| CNSA | Geosynchronous | Navigation | 在轨 | Operational | |||
| 27 December 09:56[24] |
|||||||
| Rosaviakosmos | Intended: Low Earth | Communications | 27 December | Launch Failure | |||
| Rosaviakosmos | Intended: Low Earth | Communications | |||||
| Rosaviakosmos | Intended: Low Earth | Communications | |||||
| Intended: Low Earth | Communications | ||||||
| Intended: Low Earth | Communications | ||||||
| Intended: Low Earth | Communications | ||||||
| Third stage malfunction | |||||||
亚轨道发射
[编辑]| 发射时间 (UTC) | 运载火箭 | 火箭编号 | 发射场 | 发射服务提供商 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 有效载荷 (⚀ = 立方星) |
载荷用户 | 轨道 | 功能 | 再入时间 (UTC) | 结果 | ||
| 附注 | |||||||
1至12月[编辑] | |||||||
| 1月19日 02:19[4] |
|||||||
| 弹道导弹防御组织 | 亚轨道 | 反弹道导弹试验 | 发射后约30分钟 | 成功 | |||
深空机动
[编辑]| 日期 (UTC) | 航天器 | 事件 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1月3日 | 伽利略号探测器 | 第十二次飞掠木卫二 | |
| 1月23日 | 卡西尼号探测器 | 飞掠小行星2685 | |
| 2月14日 | 会合-舒梅克号 | 首个小行星轨道器;进入爱神星轨道 | |
| 2月22日 | 伽利略号探测器 | 第三次飞掠木卫一 | |
| 5月20日 | 伽利略号探测器 | 第五次飞掠木卫三 | |
| 12月28日 | 伽利略号探测器 | 第六次飞掠木卫三 | |
| 12月30日 | 卡西尼号探测器 | 飞掠木星 | 引力弹弓 |
舱外活动
[编辑]
| 次数 | 航天器 | 宇航员 | 开始时间(UTC) | 结束时间(UTC) | 时间长度 | 介绍 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 182. | 和平号空间站 PE-28 第一次舱外活动 |
谢尔盖·扎廖京(Sergei Zalyotin) 亚历山大·卡列里 |
2000年5月12日 10:44 |
2000年5月12日 15:47 |
5小时3分钟 | 检测和平号 |
| 183. | STS-101 第一次舱外活动 |
詹姆斯·沃斯 杰弗里·威廉姆斯(Jeffrey Williams) |
2000年5月22日 01:48 |
2000年5月22日 08:32 |
6小时44分钟 | 安装ISS臂 |
| 184. | STS-106 第一次舱外活动 |
卢杰 尤里·马连琴科 |
2000年9月11日 04:47 |
2000年9月11日 11:01 |
6小时14分钟 | 安装磁力计 |
| 185. | STS-92 第一次舱外活动 |
焦立中 威廉·麦克阿瑟(William McArthur) |
2000年10月15日 14:27 |
2000年10月15日 20:55 |
6小时28分钟 | 连接电线,安装天线 |
| 186. | STS-92 第二次舱外活动 |
迈克尔·洛佩兹-阿雷格里亚(Michael Lopez-Alegria) 彼得·维索夫 |
2000年10月16日 14:15 |
2000年10月16日 21:22 |
7小时7分钟 | 安装PMA-3对接口 |
| 187. | STS-92 第三次舱外活动 |
焦立中 威廉·麦克阿瑟 |
2000年10月17日 14:30 |
2000年10月17日 21:18 |
6小时48分钟 | |
| 188. | STS-92 第四次舱外活动 |
迈克尔·洛佩兹-阿雷格里亚 彼得·维索夫 |
2000年10月18日 15:00 |
2000年10月18日 21:56 |
6小时56分钟 | |
| 189. | STS-97 第一次舱外活动 |
约瑟夫·坦纳 卡洛斯·诺里加(Carlos I. Noriega) |
2000年12月3日 18:35 |
2000年12月4日 02:08 |
7小时33分钟 | |
| 190. | STS-97 第二次舱外活动 |
约瑟夫·坦纳 卡洛斯·诺里加 |
2000年12月5日 17:21 |
2000年12月5日 23:58 |
6小时37分钟 | 安装ISS太阳能电池板 |
| 191. | STS-97 第三次舱外活动 |
约瑟夫·坦纳 卡洛斯·诺里加 |
2000年12月7日 16:13 |
2000年12月7日 21:23 |
5小时10分钟 | 安装电探测器 |
轨道发射统计
[编辑]按国家(区域)
[编辑]- 中国: 5
- 美国: 28
- 欧洲: 12
- 日本: 1
- 俄罗斯: 38
- 乌克兰: 1
| 国家(区域) | 发射数 | 成功数 | 失败数 | 部分 失败数 |
备注 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 28 | 28 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
| 38 | 35 | 3 | 0 | |||
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
| 总计 | 85 | 81 | 4 | 0 | ||
参考
[编辑]- 中国国家航天局
- 中国探月网
- Encyclopedia Astronautica
- Gunter's Space Page - Chronology of Space Launches
- 日本宇宙航空研究开发机构
- Jonathan's Space Report(SatCat.txt与Launchlog.txt两项)
- Mission Set Database (NASA GFC)
- NASA
- NASA SpaceFlight.com
- Orbital Report News Agency's Launch Logs
- Space Calander (NASA JPL)
- Southwest Space Archive
- SPACE.com Launch Forecast
- SpaceFlightNow
- Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive
- U.S. Space Objects Registry
脚注
[编辑]- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Atlas. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Ariane. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - DF5. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Minuteman. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - R-7. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Zenit. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Thor. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - MV. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ Ryba, Jeanne. STS-99. Mission Archives. NASA. 12 February 2010 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 10.11 10.12 10.13 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Proton. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - MX. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ MTI. N2YO.com. 14 May 2022 [16 May 2022]. (原始内容存档于3 February 2023).
- ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Ariane 5. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Titan. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - UR-100N. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ Ryba, Jeanne. STS-101. Mission Archives. NASA. 15 February 2010 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于14 March 2022).
- ^ 17.0 17.1 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Pegasus. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ 18.0 18.1 18.2 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - R-14. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ CHAMP Satellite. Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies. The Aerospace Corporation. (原始内容存档于13 May 2012).
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan [@planet4589]. The Star One B4 satellite, originally called Brasilsat B4, was launched in 2000 to 92 deg W. It appears to have been moved up to the 'GEO graveyard' and retired on Jun 15. (推文). 6 July 2021 [7 July 2021] –通过Twitter.
- ^ DM-F3. N2YO.com. [14 January 2020]. (原始内容存档于3 February 2023).
- ^ Ryba, Jeanne. STS-106. Mission Archives. NASA. 15 February 2010 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于14 March 2022).
- ^ NOAA Weather Satellite suffers in-orbit Breakup. 25 November 2015 [8 February 2016]. (原始内容存档于3 February 2023).
- ^ 24.0 24.1 McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - R-36. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ Ryba, Jeanne. STS-92. Mission Archives. NASA. 15 February 2010 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于14 March 2022).
- ^ Progress M1-4 - Trajectory. NSSDCA Master Catalog. NASA. [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ Ryba, Jeanne. STS-97. Mission Archives. NASA. 15 February 2010 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于13 April 2022).
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. General Catalog of Artificial Space Objects - Topol. 17 April 2022 [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
- ^ LDREX satellite. Center for Orbital and Reentry Debris Studies. The Aerospace Corporation. (原始内容存档于13 May 2012).
- ^ Mathew, Dean. A Failure Revisited: Closer Look at the Jan 2000 NMD Test. Strategic Analysis (Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses). April 2000, XXIV (1) [17 April 2022]. (原始内容存档于17 April 2022).
