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三軍輕武器計劃

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维基百科，自由的百科全书
多種曾經參與XM9評選的手槍。

「三軍輕武器計劃」（英語：Joint Service Small Arms Program）為美軍在1970年代尋找M1911手槍[1][2][3][4]的替代品而成立的部門。

歷史

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在美國空軍首先開始了「三軍輕武器計劃」（Joint Service Small Arms Program、JSSAP）以為美軍尋找M1911的替代品時，數家廠商在1970年後期提供了多種9×19毫米北約標準口徑手槍來參加試驗。

至1980年，貝瑞塔92手槍S-1打敗了柯爾特（Colt）、史密斯威森（S&W）、Star、赫尔斯塔尔国营工厂及黑克勒&科赫（H&K）提供的試驗手槍[5][6]。

由於陸軍對試驗評選中的認受性作出質疑，陸軍在1984年開出了新的XM9試驗，史密斯威森、貝瑞塔、黑克勒-科赫、西格&绍尔、瓦爾特（Walther）、施泰爾（Steyr）及赫尔斯塔尔国营工厂都有參加了，貝瑞塔又再贏得了這次試驗，1985年成為了XM9的生產商。

可靠性問題令軍方在1988年又再開始了XM10的試驗，貝瑞塔依然勝出[7][8][8][9][10]。

試驗品

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第一次測試

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名單如下[11][12]：

國家 生產商 型號 參考資料
 義大利 貝瑞塔 貝瑞塔92手槍
 比利时 埃斯塔勒國營工廠 白朗寧大威力半自動手槍
白朗寧Fast Action半自動手槍
 美国 柯特製造公司 柯特SSP半自動手槍 [13][14]
史密斯威森 史密斯威森M459半自動手槍
 西德 黑克勒-科赫 HK VP70手槍
HK P9半自動手槍
 西班牙 恆星博尼法喬埃切維里亞公司（英语：Star Bonifacio Echeverria） 恆星28半自動手槍

第二次測試

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名單如下[15][16][17][18]：

國家 生產商 型號
 義大利 貝瑞塔 貝瑞塔92手槍
 比利时 埃斯塔勒國營工廠 白朗寧雙動半自動手槍
 美国 柯特製造公司 柯特SSP半自動手槍
史密斯威森 史密斯威森M459半自動手槍
 西德 黑克勒-科赫 HK P7手槍
西格&紹爾 SIG P226半自動手槍
華瑟 華瑟P88手槍
 奥地利 斯泰爾武器 斯泰爾GB（英语：Steyr GB）

參考資料

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  1. ^ Kelley, Tom. Bunker Hill and Grissom Air Force Base. Arcadia Publishing. 2016-05-09. ISBN 9781439656044 （英语）. 
  2. ^ Rogers, Patrick F. The Service Pistol Controversy (PDF). American Handgunner. 1983, (May/June): 56–58, 88, 91. 
  3. ^ Subcommittee on Investigations (1981). In July 1981, there were 412,339 .45 caliber pistols and 127,745 .38 caliber revolvers in the inventories of the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marine Corps. The last procurement of the .45 caliber pistol occurred in 1945. Since that time the existing inventory has been maintained by rebuilding and reconditioning the worn weapons. Department of Defense witnesses testified that $1.5 million is currently budgeted for the procurement of replacement components for those handguns. They also testified "field reports indicate that it is reaching the end of its maintainable life." After urging of House Committee on Appropriations, the Department of Defense, in 1978, initiated two studies to investigate the benefits of standardizing ammunition and handguns of the military departments.
  4. ^ https://ndia.dtic.mil/wp-content/uploads/2021/future/T-SA_JSSASP.pdf [裸網址]
  5. ^ Gangarosa, Gene. Heckler and Koch : Armorers of the Free World First. Stoeger Publications; 1st edition. 2001. ISBN 0739431773. 
  6. ^ Legislation and National Security Subcommittee (1986); Page 4. Interest in the 9-mm handgun started in 1978 with informal Air Force testing of 9-mm pistols.[...] DOD concluded 2 years later that handgun standardization using 9-mm ammunition was feasible. At first, DOD planned to rely on the results of Air Force testing, which concluded that Beretta [92S-1] was by far the superior weapon tested. The Army, however, opposed awarding a sole-source contract to Beretta on grounds that the Air Force testing was not scientific. Since 1980, the Army has conducted two additional extensive rounds of testing the 9-mm pistol.
  7. ^ Legislation and National Security Subcommittee (1986); Page 15.
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Dockery, Kevin. Future Weapons. Berkley; Reprint edition. 2007-12-04. ISBN 978-0425217504. 
  9. ^ Thompson (2011), Chapter: "Army Takes Charge"
  10. ^ Legislation and National Security Subcommittee (1986); Page 112.
  11. ^ Army R, D & A. Volume 22, Number 1; "JSSAP management committee[...] coordinated their service inputs. This study was comprisedof two principal parts, the first being the on-going Air Force Evaluation of handguns which was being conducted at Elgin Air Force Base, FL, in which various model 9mm pistols were evaluated against the M1911A1's and M15 .38 cal revolvers. The second part of the study considered a review of compilation of all existing historical reports and studies relative to pistols, hand-guns and their performance."
  12. ^ Army R, D & A. Volume 22, Number 1
  13. ^ Firearms, Historical. - Colt Model 1971 In 1971 Colt unveiled a new modern.... Historical Firearms. 
  14. ^ Modern Firearms - Colt SSP. 22 October 2010. 
  15. ^ Legislation and National Security Subcommittee (1986); Page 15.
  16. ^ Annual Historical Review. Historical Office, U.S. Army Armament Materiel Readiness Command. 1983 （英语）. 
  17. ^ Thompson (2011), Chapter: "Army Takes Charge"
  18. ^ Legislation and National Security Subcommittee (1986); Page 9
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