肉柱

肉柱
肉柱
	心脏的剖面图（图中的Trabeculae carneae为肉柱）
标识字符
TA98	A12.1.00.020
FMA	FMA:76525
格雷氏	p.532
	《解剖學術語》 [在维基数据上编辑]

肉柱（英語：Trabeculae carneae）是心脏右心室和左心室的内膜上圆形或不规则的肌肉隆起^[1]。它不同于在心房的梳状肌。在胚胎期，肉柱是最早发育的心脏结构之一，有一部分肉柱在后续会发育为心肌层、乳头肌、腱索和室间隔^[2]。

类型

肉柱主要分为两类：

部分肉柱的一侧全部附着于心室的内壁，形成了明显的脊状结构^[3]；
其余的肉柱仅两端固定，中间游离，比如右心室的节制索，以及连接腱索的乳头肌^[3]。

功能

肉柱位于心腔内血流与心肌的交界处，其交错的结构有助于增强心脏收缩能力和每搏输出量，从而维持心脏功能^[4]。此外，肉柱的形态也影响心脏的电传导，说明其兼具电生理和机械的双重功能^[5]。肉柱肌纤维聚集形成了节制索，其中走行着希氏束的右束支^[6]。

肉柱可以通过收缩牵拉腱索，防止二尖瓣和三尖瓣向心房侧反转，从而避免血液倒流，保障心室射血的单向性^[7]^[6]。

肉柱与乳头肌共占心室总质量的12–17%，其数量与心室舒张末期时的容积相关^[8]。左右心室肉柱的毛细血管-心肌细胞供氧比例不同：左心室的比例约为1:1，而右心室因负荷较低、耗氧较少，比例为0.8:1^[9]。

参考资料

^ Moore, K.L., & Agur, A.M. (2007). Essential Clinical Anatomy: Third Edition. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 90-94. ISBN 978-0-7817-6274-8
^ Fatemifar, Fatemeh; Feldman, Marc D.; Oglesby, Meagan; Han, Hai-Chao. Comparison of Biomechanical Properties and Microstructure of Trabeculae Carneae, Papillary Muscles, and Myocardium in the Human Heart. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 2019-02-01, 141 (2) [2025-11-29]. ISSN 0148-0731. PMC 6298537 . PMID 30418486. doi:10.1115/1.4041966 （英语）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Gray, Henry; Lewis, Warren Harmon. Anatomy of the human body. Harold B. Lee Library. Philadelphia : Lea & Febiger. 1918.
^ Meyer, Hannah V.; Dawes, Timothy J. W.; Serrani, Marta; Bai, Wenjia; Tokarczuk, Paweł; Cai, Jiashen; de Marvao, Antonio; Henry, Albert; Lumbers, R. Thomas; Gierten, Jakob; Thumberger, Thomas. Genetic and functional insights into the fractal structure of the heart. Nature. 2020-08, 584 (7822) [2025-11-29]. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 7116759 . PMID 32814899. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2635-8.
^ Olejníčková, Veronika; Šaňková, Barbora; Sedmera, David; Janáček, Jiří. Trabecular Architecture Determines Impulse Propagation Through the Early Embryonic Mouse Heart. Frontiers in Physiology. 2018, 9 [2025-11-29]. ISSN 1664-042X. PMC 6331446 . PMID 30670981. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01876.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 丁文龙刘学政孙晋浩李洪鹏欧阳宏伟阿地力江·伊明. 系统解剖学 (第9版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社. 2018: 186页. ISBN 978-7-117-26718-2.
^ KARAS, STEPHEN; ELKINS, RONALD C. Mechanism of Function of the Mitral Valve Leaflets, Chordae Tendineae and Left Ventricular Papillary Muscles in Dogs. Circulation Research. 1970-06, 26 (6) [2025-11-29]. doi:10.1161/01.RES.26.6.689.
^ Fatemifar, Fatemeh; Feldman, Marc D.; Oglesby, Meagan; Han, Hai-Chao. Comparison of Biomechanical Properties and Microstructure of Trabeculae Carneae, Papillary Muscles, and Myocardium in the Human Heart. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 2019-02-01, 141 (2) [2025-11-29]. ISSN 0148-0731. PMC 6298537 . PMID 30418486. doi:10.1115/1.4041966 （英语）.
^ Goo, Soyeon; Joshi, Purva; Sands, Greg; Gerneke, Dane; Taberner, Andrew; Dollie, Qaasim; LeGrice, Ian; Loiselle, Denis. Trabeculae carneae as models of the ventricular walls: implications for the delivery of oxygen. Journal of General Physiology. 2009-09-14, 134 (4) [2025-11-29]. ISSN 1540-7748. doi:10.1085/jgp.200910276. （原始内容存档于2024-06-06）（英语）.

外部链接

心脏的解剖视频

[1] Moore, K.L., & Agur, A.M. (2007). Essential Clinical Anatomy: Third Edition. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 90-94. ISBN 978-0-7817-6274-8

[2] Fatemifar, Fatemeh; Feldman, Marc D.; Oglesby, Meagan; Han, Hai-Chao. Comparison of Biomechanical Properties and Microstructure of Trabeculae Carneae, Papillary Muscles, and Myocardium in the Human Heart. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 2019-02-01, 141 (2) [2025-11-29]. ISSN 0148-0731. PMC 6298537 . PMID 30418486. doi:10.1115/1.4041966 （英语）.

[:1-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Gray, Henry; Lewis, Warren Harmon. Anatomy of the human body. Harold B. Lee Library. Philadelphia : Lea & Febiger. 1918.

[4] Meyer, Hannah V.; Dawes, Timothy J. W.; Serrani, Marta; Bai, Wenjia; Tokarczuk, Paweł; Cai, Jiashen; de Marvao, Antonio; Henry, Albert; Lumbers, R. Thomas; Gierten, Jakob; Thumberger, Thomas. Genetic and functional insights into the fractal structure of the heart. Nature. 2020-08, 584 (7822) [2025-11-29]. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 7116759 . PMID 32814899. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2635-8.

[5] Olejníčková, Veronika; Šaňková, Barbora; Sedmera, David; Janáček, Jiří. Trabecular Architecture Determines Impulse Propagation Through the Early Embryonic Mouse Heart. Frontiers in Physiology. 2018, 9 [2025-11-29]. ISSN 1664-042X. PMC 6331446 . PMID 30670981. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01876.

[:0-6] 6.0 ^6.1 丁文龙刘学政孙晋浩李洪鹏欧阳宏伟阿地力江·伊明. 系统解剖学 (第9版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社. 2018: 186页. ISBN 978-7-117-26718-2.

[7] KARAS, STEPHEN; ELKINS, RONALD C. Mechanism of Function of the Mitral Valve Leaflets, Chordae Tendineae and Left Ventricular Papillary Muscles in Dogs. Circulation Research. 1970-06, 26 (6) [2025-11-29]. doi:10.1161/01.RES.26.6.689.

[8] Fatemifar, Fatemeh; Feldman, Marc D.; Oglesby, Meagan; Han, Hai-Chao. Comparison of Biomechanical Properties and Microstructure of Trabeculae Carneae, Papillary Muscles, and Myocardium in the Human Heart. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering. 2019-02-01, 141 (2) [2025-11-29]. ISSN 0148-0731. PMC 6298537 . PMID 30418486. doi:10.1115/1.4041966 （英语）.

[9] Goo, Soyeon; Joshi, Purva; Sands, Greg; Gerneke, Dane; Taberner, Andrew; Dollie, Qaasim; LeGrice, Ian; Loiselle, Denis. Trabeculae carneae as models of the ventricular walls: implications for the delivery of oxygen. Journal of General Physiology. 2009-09-14, 134 (4) [2025-11-29]. ISSN 1540-7748. doi:10.1085/jgp.200910276. （原始内容存档于2024-06-06）（英语）.

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