互養菌門

互養菌門
科學分類
域：	細菌域 Bacteria
界：	熱袍菌界 Thermotogati
門：	互養菌門 Synergistota; Jumas-Bilak et al. 2009
綱：	互養菌綱 Synergistia; Jumas-Bilak et al. 2009
目：	互養菌目 Synergistales; Jumas-Bilak et al. 2009
科
	醋微菌科 Acetomicrobiaceae; 嗜胺菌科 Aminiphilaceae; 嗜硫胺菌科 Aminithiophilaceae; 氨基酸桿狀菌科 Aminobacteriaceae; 脫硫代硫酸鹽弧菌科 Dethiosulfovibrionaceae; 互養菌科 Synergistaceae; 嗜熱互養菌科 Thermosynergistaceae; 熱棍桿菌科 Thermovirgaceae;
異名
	"Synergistaeota" Oren et al. 2015; "Synergistetes" Jumas-Bilak et al. 2009; "Synergistota" Whitman et al. 2018;

互養菌門（學名：Synergistota）是厭氧菌門，呈革蘭氏陰性染色，細胞呈桿狀/弧菌狀。^[1]^[2]儘管互養菌門具有雙皮層細胞膜，^[3]^[4]在互養菌門中尚未檢測到參與脂多糖生物合成的各種蛋白質的基因，這表明它們可能具有非典型的外部細胞包膜。^[3]^[4]互養菌門棲息於大多數厭氧環境中，包括動物胃腸道、土壤、油井和廢水處理廠，它們也存在於人類疾病部位，如囊腫、膿腫和牙周病區域。^[5]^[6]由於互養菌出現在與疾病相關的部位，因此被認為是機會性病原體，但它們也可以在健康個體的臍部微生物組和正常的陰道菌群中找到。該門內的物種也與牙周疾病、胃腸道感染和軟組織感染有關。該門的其他物種已被確定為在厭氧消化器中降解污泥產生沼氣的重要貢獻者，是通過產生氫氣用於可再生能源生產的潛在候選者。所有已知的互養菌門物種和屬目前都屬於同一個綱 (Synergistia)、目 (Synergistiales) 和科 (Synergistaceae)。

參考文獻

^ Hugenholtz, P., Hooper, S.D., and Kyrpides, N.C. (2009). Focus: Synergistetes. Environ. Microbiol. 11, 1327–1329.
^ Jumas-Bilak, E.; Roudiere, L.; Marchandin, H. Description of 'Synergistetes' phyl. nov. and emended description of the phylum 'Deferribacteres' and of the family Syntrophomonadaceae, phylum 'Firmicutes'. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2009, 59: 1028–1035. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.006718-0 .
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Gupta, R. S. (2011) Origin of Diderm (Gram-negative) Bacteria: Antibiotic Selection Pressure Rather than Endosymbiosis Likely led to the Evolution of Bacterial Cells with Two Membranes. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 100: 171–182
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Sutcliffe, I.C. A phylum level perspective on bacterial cell envelope architecture. Trends Microbiol. 2010, 18: 464–470. PMID 20637628. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.005.
^ Jumas-Bilak, E.; Carlier, J.P.; Jean-Pierre, H.; Citron, D.; Bernard, K.; Damay, A.; Gay, B.; Teyssier, C.; Campos, J.; Marchandin, H. Jonquetella anthropi gen. nov., sp. nov., the first member of the candidate phylum 'Synergistetes' isolated from man. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2007, 57: 2743–2748. PMID 18048718. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65213-0 .
^ Vartoukian, S.R., Palmer, R.M., and Wade, W.G. (2007). The division "Synergistes". Anaerobe. 13, 99–106.

[1] Hugenholtz, P., Hooper, S.D., and Kyrpides, N.C. (2009). Focus: Synergistetes. Environ. Microbiol. 11, 1327–1329.

[Jumas-2] Jumas-Bilak, E.; Roudiere, L.; Marchandin, H. Description of 'Synergistetes' phyl. nov. and emended description of the phylum 'Deferribacteres' and of the family Syntrophomonadaceae, phylum 'Firmicutes'. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2009, 59: 1028–1035. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.006718-0 .

[gupta-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Gupta, R. S. (2011) Origin of Diderm (Gram-negative) Bacteria: Antibiotic Selection Pressure Rather than Endosymbiosis Likely led to the Evolution of Bacterial Cells with Two Membranes. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 100: 171–182

[Sutcliffe-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Sutcliffe, I.C. A phylum level perspective on bacterial cell envelope architecture. Trends Microbiol. 2010, 18: 464–470. PMID 20637628. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.005.

[5] Jumas-Bilak, E.; Carlier, J.P.; Jean-Pierre, H.; Citron, D.; Bernard, K.; Damay, A.; Gay, B.; Teyssier, C.; Campos, J.; Marchandin, H. Jonquetella anthropi gen. nov., sp. nov., the first member of the candidate phylum 'Synergistetes' isolated from man. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2007, 57: 2743–2748. PMID 18048718. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65213-0 .

[Vartoukian-6] Vartoukian, S.R., Palmer, R.M., and Wade, W.G. (2007). The division "Synergistes". Anaerobe. 13, 99–106.

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