支原體門

支原體門
科學分類
域：	細菌域 Bacteria
界：	芽孢桿菌界 Bacillati
門：	支原體門 Mycoplasmatota; Murray 2021
綱
	「異血漿質菌」 "Izemoplasmatia"; 柔膜菌綱（柔膜體綱） Mollicutes;
異名
	「無膜細菌」 "Aphragmabacteria" Margulis & Schwartz 1982; 「柔膜菌門」 "Mollicutaeota" Oren et al. 2015; 「柔膜菌門」 "Mollicutota" Whitman et al. 2018; 「柔壁菌門」 "Tenericuteota" Panda, Islam & Sharma 2022; 「柔壁菌門」 "Tenericutes" Murray 1984 ex Brown 2010;

支原體門或枝原體門（學名：Mycoplasmatota）是包含柔膜菌綱（Mollicutes）的細菌門。該門最初名為柔壁菌門（學名：Tenericutes）「tener cutis」該詞的意思為「柔軟的皮膚」。^[5]^[4]^[6]該門的其它名稱有軟壁菌門、無壁菌門。該門命名於1984年，典型的屬包括支原體屬（Mycoplasma）螺原體屬（Spiroplasma），脲原體屬（Ureaplasma）和候選屬級植原體屬。^[7] 此外，它沒有細胞壁，細胞和基因組都很小，鳥嘌呤+胞嘧啶比率較低。支原體門屬於革蘭氏陽性菌。其中，一部分支原體門下物種是生理狀況下胎盤微生物群（英語：Placental microbiome）的一部分。^[8]^[9]由於是最小的細菌之一，動物容易感染疾病而不表現出任何症狀，因此它們成為了疾病的攜帶者，最終導致疾病的傳播。

該門最初由默里（Murray）在1984年版的《伯吉手冊（英語：Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology）》中以「Tenericutes」（柔壁菌門）的名稱發表。2021年，奧倫（Oren）和加里蒂（Garrity）根據修訂後的《原核生物法規》重新發表了該門。

該門在系統發育上並不健全：在系統基因組學和 16S rRNA分析中，它在芽孢桿菌門內有分支。^[10]參閱柔膜菌綱 § 柔膜菌綱的門。

下屬

柔膜菌綱(Mollicutes)

無膽甾原體目(Acholeplasmatales)
1. 無膽甾原體科(Acholeplasmataceae)
  1. 無膽甾原體屬(Acholeplasma)
  2. 植原體屬(Phytoplasma)*
厭氧原體目(Anaeroplasmatales)
1. 厭氧原體科(Anaeroplasmataceae)
  1. 厭氧原體屬(Anaeroplasma)
  2. 無甾醇原體屬(Asteroleplasma)
蟲原體目(Entomoplasmatales)
1. 蟲原體科(Entomoplasmataceae)
  1. 蟲原體屬(Entomoplasma)
  2. 中間原體屬(Mesoplasma)
2. 螺原體科(Spiroplasmataceae)
  1. 螺原體屬(Spiroplasma)
支原體目(Mycoplasmatales)
1. 支原體科(Mycoplasmataceae)
  1. (Allobaculum)
  2. (Eperythrozoon)
  3. (Haemobartonella)
  4. 支原體屬(Mycoplasma)
  5. 脲原體屬(Ureaplasma)
目未定
1. 丹毒絲菌科(Erysipelothrichaceae)
  1. (Bulleidia)
  2. 丹毒絲菌屬(Erysipelothrix)
  3. (Holdemania)
  4. (Solobacterium)

參閱

參考文獻

^ Murray RGE. The higher taxa, or, a place for everything...?. Krieg NR, Holt JG (編). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 1. Baltimore, MD: The Williams & Wilkins Co. 1984: 31–34.
^ Oren A, Garrity GM. Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2021, 71 (10): 5056. PMID 34694987. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056 .
^ J.P. Euzéby. Tenericutes. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. [2008-09-11]. （原始內容存檔於2013-01-27）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Tenericutes. Taxonomy Browser. NCBI. [2008-09-11].
^ Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations ... 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2009-04-18. Int. J. of Sust. Bact.; July 1984, p. 355–357
^ Ludwig W, Schleifer KH, Whitman WB. Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes. De Vos P, Garrity GM, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, Schleifer KH, Whitman WB (編). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (PDF). 3 (The Firmicutes) 2nd. New York, NY: Springer–Verlag. 2009. ISBN 978-0-387-95041-9. 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2010-09-21.
^ Ramírez, Ana S.; Poveda, José B.; Dijkman, Remco; Poveda, Carlos; Suárez-Pérez, Alejandro; Rosales, Rubén S.; Feberwee, Anneke; Szostak, Michael P.; Ressel, Lorenzo; Viver, Tomeu; Calabuig, Pascual; Catania, Salvatore; Gobbo, Federica; Timofte, Dorina; Spergser, Joachim. Mycoplasma bradburyae sp. nov. isolated from the trachea of sea birds. Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 2023-11-01, 46 (6): 126472. Bibcode:2023SyApM..4626472R. PMID 37839385. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126472.
^ Mor, Gil; Kwon, Ja-Young. Trophoblast-microbiome interaction: a new paradigm on immune regulation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2015, 213 (4): S131–S137. ISSN 0002-9378. PMID 26428492. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.039.
^ Todar, K. Pathogenic E. coli. Online Textbook of Bacteriology. University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Bacteriology. [2007-11-30]. （原始內容存檔於2018-07-29）.
^ Field, CJ; Bowerman, KL; Hugenholtz, P. Multiple independent losses of sporulation and peptidoglycan in the Mycoplasmatales and related orders of the class Bacilli.. Microbial Genomics. January 2024, 10 (1). PMC 10868615 . PMID 38189216. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.001176 .

[1] Murray RGE. The higher taxa, or, a place for everything...?. Krieg NR, Holt JG (編). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 1. Baltimore, MD: The Williams & Wilkins Co. 1984: 31–34.

[2] Oren A, Garrity GM. Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2021, 71 (10): 5056. PMID 34694987. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056 .

[3] J.P. Euzéby. Tenericutes. List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. [2008-09-11]. （原始內容存檔於2013-01-27）.

[NCBI-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Tenericutes. Taxonomy Browser. NCBI. [2008-09-11].

[5] Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations ... 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2009-04-18. Int. J. of Sust. Bact.; July 1984, p. 355–357

[6] Ludwig W, Schleifer KH, Whitman WB. Revised road map to the phylum Firmicutes. De Vos P, Garrity GM, Jones D, Krieg NR, Ludwig W, Rainey FA, Schleifer KH, Whitman WB (編). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (PDF). 3 (The Firmicutes) 2nd. New York, NY: Springer–Verlag. 2009. ISBN 978-0-387-95041-9. 互聯網檔案館的存檔，存檔日期2010-09-21.

[7] Ramírez, Ana S.; Poveda, José B.; Dijkman, Remco; Poveda, Carlos; Suárez-Pérez, Alejandro; Rosales, Rubén S.; Feberwee, Anneke; Szostak, Michael P.; Ressel, Lorenzo; Viver, Tomeu; Calabuig, Pascual; Catania, Salvatore; Gobbo, Federica; Timofte, Dorina; Spergser, Joachim. Mycoplasma bradburyae sp. nov. isolated from the trachea of sea birds. Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 2023-11-01, 46 (6): 126472. Bibcode:2023SyApM..4626472R. PMID 37839385. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126472.

[MorKwon2015-8] Mor, Gil; Kwon, Ja-Young. Trophoblast-microbiome interaction: a new paradigm on immune regulation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2015, 213 (4): S131–S137. ISSN 0002-9378. PMID 26428492. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.039.

[Todar-9] Todar, K. Pathogenic E. coli. Online Textbook of Bacteriology. University of Wisconsin–Madison Department of Bacteriology. [2007-11-30]. （原始內容存檔於2018-07-29）.

[10] Field, CJ; Bowerman, KL; Hugenholtz, P. Multiple independent losses of sporulation and peptidoglycan in the Mycoplasmatales and related orders of the class Bacilli.. Microbial Genomics. January 2024, 10 (1). PMC 10868615 . PMID 38189216. doi:10.1099/mgen.0.001176 .

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分類單元識別碼
Mycoplasmatota	維基數據: Q12968254 LPSN: mycoplasmatota NCBI: 544448
Tenericutes	維基數據: Q908484 維基物種: Tenericutes EoL: 10553657 EPPO: 1TENEP GBIF: 8003584 IRMNG: 205 ITIS: 956123 LPSN: tenericutes OTL: 663421 WoRMS: 567359